beaker: container for mixing and heating

test tube: hold small liquids

Bunsen burner: Gas flame

wire gauze: spreads heat evenly

retort ring: holds test tube while heating

conical flask: mixing and heating

tongs: lifting with heat resistant material

spatula: used to scoop small amounts of chemicals

stirring rod: to stir and mix

test tube rack: to hold multiple test tubes up right

Safety glasses: to protect eyes

filter tunnel: used with filter paper to filter substances

thermometer: measure temperature

tripod: to support flasks and beakers while heating

measuring cylinder: used to measure volume accurately

heat proof mat: to prevent damage to work space

Fair test: only one variable is changed while all the others stay the same

hypothesis: testable statement about what you think will happen

independent variable: the one changed variable

dependent variable: The variable that measures the change

controlled variable: The variable that stays that same

reliable experiment: repeat to check results are consistent

solid to liquid: melting

liquid to gas: boiling

solid to gas : sublimation

gas to liquid: condensation

liquid to solid: freezing

gas to solid: deposition

absorbing heat: solid to liquid to gas

releasing heat: gas to liquid to solid

what color is the flame?

open: blue

close: orange

Is the flame easy to see?

open : yes

closed: no

Does the flame make noise ?

open: yes

closed: no

name given to flame type?

open: heating flame

closed: safety flame

observations: things you see

qualitative: observations using 5 senses

quantitative: observations through numerical data

inferences: educated guess

melting point: when a solid turns into a liquid

boiling point: when a liquid turns into a gas

Matter: anything that has mass and volume( takes up space)

3 states of matter: solid, liquid and gas

All matter is made up of…: particles

matter can change state if: the particles gain or lose energy

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The forces between solid particles: Vibrate and don’t move

The forces between liquid particles: flow and move a little

The forces between gas particles: move a lot with no bonds

The position of solid particles are : close together

the position of liquid particles: move over each other

The position of gas particles are: very far apart

Heating: particles gain more energy, move more and spread apart

Cooling: Particles lose energy, move less and move closer together

Good explanations: Effect, linking word, cause, elaboration

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Evenly mixed mixture: homogenous mixture

Not evenly mixed mixture: Heterogeneous mixture

Mixture: 2 or more substances, not chemically bonded

Pure: only one substance chemically bonded

Solution: solute + solvent

Solute: something being dissolved

solvent: the dissolves the solute

Element: made of 1 type of atom

Compound: 2 or more atoms bonded

Insoluble: Not able to be dissolved

soluble: able to be dissolved

concentration: Higher ratio of solute to solvent

Diluted : lower ratio of solute to solvent

Suspension: heterogeneous mixture

solution: Homogenous mixture

Atoms: a single particle

Molecules: describes a particle with two or more atoms joined together