12) Cardiovascular diseases continued:

1. Artificial Hearts

• Purpose: Artificial hearts are mechanical devices used to pump blood when a patient’s heart has failed.

  • When Used:

    • Temporary Fix: Used to keep patients alive until a donor heart becomes available.

    • Permanent Fix: In rare cases, they may be used permanently if a transplant isn't an option.

2. Heart Valve Replacement

• Heart Valves: Can be damaged by heart attacks, infections, or aging.

  • Damaged Valves may stiffen (not open fully) or leak, allowing blood to flow backward. This reduces effective blood circulation.

• Replacement Options:

  • Biological Valves: Taken from human or animal tissue (e.g., cow or pig valves).

  • Mechanical Valves: Man-made and long-lasting but may require blood-thinning medication.

• Procedure: Less intense than a full heart transplant but still has risks, such as blood clots.

3. Artificial Blood

• Purpose: Used to maintain blood volume in emergencies, allowing the heart to pump remaining red blood cells and supply oxygen to organs.

• Types: Often a salt solution (like saline), which is a safe blood substitute if no air bubbles are introduced.

• Benefits:

  • Keeps a person alive after major blood loss, giving time for the body to produce new blood cells or for a blood transfusion if needed.