Polarity

Polar vs Non-Polar

Definition

• Polar molecules have a net dipole moment due to the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms in a molecule.
• Non-polar molecules have a symmetrical distribution of electrons, resulting in no net dipole moment.

Characteristics

• Polar molecules have a positive and negative end, or pole, due to the electronegativity difference between atoms.
• Non-polar molecules have no poles and are generally hydrophobic.
• Polar molecules have higher boiling and melting points due to stronger intermolecular forces.
• Non-polar molecules have lower boiling and melting points due to weaker intermolecular forces.

Examples

• Examples of polar molecules include water, ammonia, and ethanol.
• Examples of non-polar molecules include methane, carbon dioxide, and benzene.

Importance

• Understanding the polarity of molecules is important in predicting their behavior in chemical reactions and their solubility in different solvents.
• The polarity of molecules also plays a role in determining their biological activity and interactions with other molecules in living organisms.