Atomic Structure

Every element has an equal number of protons and electrons, ensuring that atoms are electrically neutral.

• Charge Balance: The number of protons (positively charged) is equal to the number of electrons (negatively charged). This balance is crucial for maintaining the stability and neutrality of atoms.

• Charged Atoms: When the balance is disrupted, atoms become charged and are referred to as ions.

• Cations: These are positively charged ions formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. This loss of negatively charged electrons leaves behind more positively charged protons, resulting in a net positive charge. For example, sodium (Na) can lose an electron to become Na⁺.

• Anions: These are negatively charged ions created when an atom gains one or more electrons. The addition of negatively charged electrons creates a net negative charge. A common example is chloride (Cl), which can gain an electron to form Cl⁻.

• Ionic Bonds: Cations and anions can interact through electrostatic forces to form ionic bonds, resulting in the creation of ionic compounds. This is a fundamental concept in chemistry, especially in the study of compounds like sodium chloride (table salt).

• Role in Chemical Reactions: The formation and interaction of cations and anions are vital in many chemical reactions, influencing molecular formation, conductivity, and the behavior of substances in solutions.