APUSH 3.10,3.11,3.12

Simple National Bank

A government-backed financial institution intended to stabilize the economy by regulating currency and providing loans to the federal government and other banks.

Supreme Court

The highest court in the United States, established by the Constitution, which has the ultimate authority in interpreting federal law and the Constitution.

Judiciary Act of 1789

A law that established the federal judiciary system, including the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, and defined their jurisdiction and powers.

Federalist Party

A political party founded in the 1790s that advocated for a strong central government, a robust national economy, and close ties with Britain.

Democratic-Republican Party

A political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in opposition to the Federalists, advocating for states' rights, agrarian interests, and strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Jay’s Treaty

A 1794 agreement between the U.S. and Britain aimed at resolving lingering tensions from the Revolutionary War, including issues of trade and British military presence in the Northwest Territory.

Pinckney’s Treaty

A 1795 treaty between the U.S. and Spain that established friendly relations and defined the boundaries between the U.S. and Spanish territories, allowing American navigation of the Mississippi River.

Neutrality Proclamation

A statement issued by President Washington in 1793 declaring the U.S. neutral in the conflict between France and Britain, aimed at avoiding entanglement in foreign wars.

Washington’s Farewell Address

A letter written by George Washington in 1796 advising against political parties and foreign alliances, emphasizing national unity and the importance of independent governance.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident in 1797 where American diplomats were approached by French agents demanding bribes, leading to a quasi-war with France and increased anti-French sentiment in the U.S.

Alien and Sedition Acts

A series of laws passed in 1798 aimed at restricting immigration and limiting free speech, particularly targeting critics of the Federalist government.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Political statements drafted in 1798 asserting that states have the right to nullify federal laws they deem unconstitutional, a response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Public Land Act of 1793

Legislation that facilitated the sale of public land in the Northwest Territory, aimed at encouraging settlement and development.

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising of farmers in Pennsylvania against a federal excise tax on whiskey, which was suppressed by federal forces, demonstrating the strength of the new government.

Charles Wilson Peale

An American painter and naturalist known for his portraits of prominent figures, particularly George Washington, and for founding the Peale Museum in Philadelphia.

Pierre-Charles L’Enfant

A French architect and civil engineer known for designing the layout of Washington, D.C., including its major avenues and parks.

Gilbert Stuart

An American painter famous for his portraits of George Washington, including the iconic unfinished portrait that became the basis for the image on the one-dollar bill.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A 1794 battle between American forces and Native American tribes in the Northwest Territory, leading to the Treaty of Greenville and the expansion of U.S. territory.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Legislation that established a framework for the governance of the Northwest Territory, outlining how new states could be created and promoting education and the prohibition of slavery in the region.

Indian Intercourse Act

A series of laws passed beginning in 1790 regulating trade and interactions between Native Americans and non-Indians, aimed at maintaining peace and order in frontier areas.

Eli Whitney

An American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin, a machine that significantly increased the efficiency of cotton processing and contributed to the expansion of slavery in the South.

Cotton Gin

A mechanical device invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds, revolutionizing the cotton industry and impacting the economy and slavery in the U.S.

Slave Trade (Constitutional issue… 1808)

Refers to the constitutional compromise allowing the importation of enslaved people to continue until 1808, after which it could be banned; a contentious issue influencing early American politics and society.