Unit 8.1

8.1: Context of 20th Century Global Conflicts

• Political Context

  • Europe was divided into two major political ideologies: democracy and communism.

  • The rise of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union threatened the stability of Europe.

  • The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, imposed harsh penalties on Germany, leading to resentment and a desire for revenge.

• Economic Context

  • The Great Depression of the 1930s had a devastating impact on the economies of Europe.

  • High unemployment rates and poverty led to the rise of extremist political parties.

  • The desire for resources and markets led to competition and conflict between nations.

• Social Context

  • Nationalism and ethnic tensions were on the rise in Europe.

  • The Treaty of Versailles created new nation-states and redrew borders, leading to ethnic conflicts.

  • The rise of fascism and anti-Semitism led to the persecution of minorities.