Data

Definition of Data

• Data are collected observations or measurements represented in various forms such as:

  • Text

  • Numbers

  • Multimedia (videos, audio, photographs, documents, transcripts)

Types of Data

• Variety Based on Research Area

  • Data differs depending on the research focus.

  • Example 1: Researching wildfires may lead to using satellite maps.

  • Example 2: Researching graduation rates may involve the number of graduates over time.

• Categories of Data

  • Quantitative Data

    • Expressed as numbers, can be counted or measured.

    • Examples:

      • Rating scales from surveys

      • Temperatures observed

      • Word counts in texts

      • Number of attendees at events

  • Qualitative Data

    • Includes textual descriptions, images, maps, and transcripts.

Data vs. Statistics

• Data are not the same as statistics.

• Statistics result from analyzing and interpreting data.

• Proper analysis helps identify patterns, trends, and provides solutions to problems.

Importance of Data

• Data are essential for better understanding the world and addressing complex questions.