How the brain works: learning, mem, and platcity

Hebbian learning:

• cells that fire together wire together

• basically if cells fire at the same time connections are streghthed weather good or bad

Reinforcement learning

• cells that fire together

• changes in synaptic strength

• a top down sig indiciates how things turned out

• if things good connections strenthened

• if not good connection weakened

• connections change depending on outcome

Neurotransmitters

• excitory: glutamate (move cell towards action)

• Inhibitory: Gabba (Cl) (away from action)

• Modulatory: Acetocholine, norepinphrine, dopamine, serotonin (could cause action or no action depending on where they are and what receptors the find, do other stuff as well)

• Retro messangers: Cannabinoids, Nirtic oxide (realsed from postsynaptic the hit presynaptic)

• Hormones

• One KEY FACTOR IS WHAT GETS HIT

• Glutamate-- AMPA chnnales—- Na+

• Glutamate — nMDA channles—

• Glutamate—-

Glutamate, NMDA receptors, and snyaptic platicity

• long term potentaion (LTP) and long term depresion (LTD)

• once more ampa channels get plugged into cell you get higher response

• if ampa channels only get activated once in a while they decrease

• it requres NMDA channels as thats what lets AMPA channels become part of cell (they are a gated channel)

• magnesium is what pops out if NMDA channles to create more

• you can go from a small response to a big respose through that cell being activated over and over again

• Pruning can also happen

Astrocyitrd play a role in chemical and electrical transmision of info

Platsicty in dendritic spine structure

• Dendrtitic spines and snyaptiv bution

• spines appear

LTP depends on converging imputs and forms a nural basis for multi forms of learning

• happens all over the brain all of the time'

• hypocampus: explit learning/ eposodic mem

• cerebellum movment correction

• amygdala emotional learning

• neclus accumbens straium: incorperation hedonic pleasure into movement plans