ABB213-Banham_Reyner-Theory_and_design_in_the_first_machine_age-Introduction_The_machine_age_and_after-pp9-12

Introduction to the Machine Age

• The Modern Movement, also known as The International Style, dominated architecture from 1925 to 1970.

• Notable for its longevity compared to other art movements.

• Its prestige is linked to significant projects like the United Nations headquarters.

• Initially aimed at social progress and technological advancement but later criticized for serving corporate interests.

Evolving Perspectives

• Twenty years ago, the belief in the Modern Movement was strong, equating it to a second machine age.

• The optimism of the 1960s included advancements like miniaturization and new technologies.

• Many past promises from the First Machine Age were finally being delivered, changing perceptions of former technology.

Nostalgia and Critique of Modern Movement

• The Modern Movement is often seen as declining due to exhaustion of its original enthusiasms.

• Some current designs reflect bursts of creativity but lack the innocent vision of earlier eras.

• The original ideals led to a reassessment of the relationship between humanity and machines.

Functionalism's Limitations

• Functionalism failed to fully realize technological potential in architecture.

• Critique from figures like Shadrack Woods emphasized a need for more imaginative architecture.

• The original passion for the Modern Movement's ideals has diminished, leading to a reevaluation of its historical impact.

Cultural Shift and Individual Liberation

• The relationship with machinery transformed during the early 20th century, offering new freedoms.

• Understanding the Modern Movement also involves examining the revolutionary changes in perspectives toward machinery and design.

• The cultural revolution of 1912 left lasting opinions that echoes in current architectural sensibilities.