Ap European history Chapter 11

1. Great Famine (1315-1322): A severe food shortage in Europe caused by poor weather and harvests.

2. Caloric Intake: The amount of energy from food consumed by people.

3. Typhoid Fever: A deadly disease caused by contaminated food or water.

4. Vagabonds: Homeless, wandering people.

5. Scapegoat: Someone unfairly blamed for others' problems.

6. Usury: Charging high interest on loans, often considered sinful.

7. Bubonic Plague: A deadly bacterial disease spread by fleas and rats, causing swollen lumps (buboes) and high death rates.

8. Ring Around the Rosie: A nursery rhyme believed to reference the Black Death.

9. Mortality Rates: The percentage of deaths in a population.

10. Leeches: Blood-sucking animals used in medieval medicine to remove "bad blood."

11. Flagellants: Religious groups who whipped themselves as penance for sins.

12. Inflation: A rise in prices, reducing the value of money.

13. Asceticism: Extreme self-discipline or denial of pleasures for religious reasons.

14. Indulgences: Church pardons for sins in exchange for money or good deeds.

15. Aquitaine: A region in France disputed between England and France.

16. Nationalism: Pride and loyalty to one’s country.

17. Longbowmen: English archers who played a key role in battles.

18. Heresy: Beliefs against the teachings of the church.

19. Martyr: Someone who dies for their beliefs.

20. Babylonian Captivity: Period when popes lived in Avignon, not Rome.

21. Great Schism: A time when there were multiple popes, causing division in the church.

22. Conclave: A meeting of church leaders to elect a pope.

23. Scripture: Religious texts like the Bible.

24. Jacquerie: A French peasant revolt against high taxes and oppression.

25. Statute of Laborers: A law freezing wages and keeping peasants tied to land.

26. Tithe: A 10% tax to the church.

27. Guilds: Worker groups that controlled trades.

28. Capitalism: A system where businesses are privately owned for profit.

29. Red-light Districts: Areas designated for prostitution.

30. Rape: A capital crime, though often unequally punished based on class.

31. Fur-Collar Crime: Crimes committed by the rich, like extortion.

32. Robin Hood: A legendary hero who fought against aristocratic corruption.

33. Colonization: Settling new areas, often mixing different ethnic groups.