SS study guide 

  • Causes of Great Depression: he stock market crash of 1929; the collapse of world trade due to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff; government policies; bank failures and panics; and the collapse of the money supply.
  • long-term: the stock market crash of 1929; the collapse of world trade due to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff; government policies; bank failures and panics; and the collapse of the money supply.
  • Triggers: Worsening unemployment rate. A worsening unemployment rate is usually a common sign of an impending economic depression, Rising inflation, Inflation can be a good sign that demand is higher due to wage growth and a sturdy workforce, Declining property sales, Increasing credit card debt defaults.
  • exacerbating causes: steep declines in industrial production and in prices (deflation), mass unemployment, banking panics, and sharp increases in rates of poverty and homelessness
  • Hoover: But Hoover was stubborn in his refusal to give “handouts,” as he saw direct government aid. He called for a spirit of volunteerism among America’s businesses, asking them to keep workers employed, and he exhorted the American people to tighten their belts and make do in the spirit of “rugged individualism.”
  • Nobody liked him made economy really bad no one voted for him
  • Congress: In response to the Great Depression, Congress approved President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, which provided $41.7 billion in funding for domestic programs like work relief for unemployed workers. As federal money was pouring into the recovery and relief efforts of the 1930s, GAO's workload increased.
  • the Fed: The Fed responded to the crisis with a four-pronged strategy. First, it flooded the banking sector with liquidity. Second, it invoked emergency powers granted to it during the Great Depression to lend to financial institutions other than banks. Third, it quickly cut the funds rate to zero.
  • Dust Bowl
  • geography: Dust Bowl, name for both the drought period in the Great Plains that lasted from 1930 to 1936 and the section of the Great Plains of the United States that extended over southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma, and northeastern New Mexico.
  • Causes: Economic depression coupled with extended drought, unusually high temperatures, poor agricultural practices and the resulting wind erosion
  • Impact: agricultural depression contributed to the Great Depression's bank closures, business losses, increased unemployment, and other physical and emotional hardships.
  • Dorothea Lange: Dorothea Lange and her husband Paul Taylor, a social scientist from UC Berkeley, were hired by the State of California to document the plight of these Dust Bowl refugees
  • FDR – election: New Deal attacked the crisis on the Great Plains on a number of fronts. The Farm Security Administration provided emergency relief, promoted soil conservation, resettled farmers on more productive land, and aided migrant farm workers who had been forced off their land.
  • fireside chats: Roosevelt continued to use fireside chats throughout his presidency to address the fears and concerns of the American people as well as to inform them of the positions and actions taken by the U.S. government
  • New Deal: was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans. When Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering.
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  • Social Impact of Great Depression: the Great Depression brought a rapid rise in the crime rate as many unemployed workers resorted to petty theft to put food on the table. Suicide rates rose, as did reported cases of malnutrition. Prostitution was on the rise as desperate women sought ways to pay the bills.
  • escapism: Attending movies, listening to the radio, dancing to live music, and reading cheap magazines or books containing sensational or gruesome material, popularly known as pulp fiction, allowed people to escape from the uncertainties, anxieties, and loss of self-esteem associated with the Depression years.
  • Reform: GD new regulations
  • Recovery: rebuild manufacture industrial and agriculture
  • Relief: unemployed and struggle
  • legacy of New Deal: unemployment insurance, old age insurance, and insured bank deposits. The Wagner Act reduced violence in labor relations. The Securities and Exchange Commission protected stock market investments of millions of small investors.