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AP PSYCH 2.5 Influence of Drugs on Neural Firing
Remember that neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals, bind to another neuron’s dendrite to pass on a message, then are taken back up by the terminal button
Agonists
Agonists are copies of neurotransmitters
They produce more or create an enhanced effect of what a neurotransmitter usually does
They supply more of that neurotransmitter so it can do it’s job at a higher rate
Dendrites have specific binding sites that only accept certain neurotransmitters
Although these chemicals are not literally the same thing, they can still fit into the receptor site
Examples
Opiates
These are agonists for endorphins, our natural pain killers
They create pain relief
Highly addictive
Dopamine Agonists (L-Dopa)
Supply more dopamine
Often prescribes for those with Parkinson’s and RLS
These can stop tremors
Antagonists
Antagonists block neurotransmitters in one of two ways
They can bind to the receptor site without activating it, taking up that space and not allowing the neurotransmitter to pass its message
They can block the terminal and not allow neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse
They cause less of or diminish entirely the effect that the neurotransmitter caused
Examples
Botulinum Toxin (Botox)
A antagonist for acetylcholine, which contracts muscles
Blocks the release of ACh, meaning muscles cannot contract
Localized paralysis
Alcohol
An antagonist for glutamate
This means it is a depressant: depressing reaction time, judgement, foresight, etc.
Reuptake Inhibitors
Reuptake Inhibitors (R.I.) block the neurotransmitter from being absorbed back into the axon terminal
This means that the neurotransmitters continue to float in the synapse and bind with dendrites
These drugs increase the effect that the neurotransmitter caused
Examples
S.S.R.I.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors do not allow serotonin chemicals to reenter the axon terminal
This keeps it in the synapse where it continues to bind to dendrites
This can help regulate mood and other processes
Remember that serotonin regulates many different things throughout the body
AP PSYCH 2.5 Influence of Drugs on Neural Firing
Remember that neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals, bind to another neuron’s dendrite to pass on a message, then are taken back up by the terminal button
Agonists
Agonists are copies of neurotransmitters
They produce more or create an enhanced effect of what a neurotransmitter usually does
They supply more of that neurotransmitter so it can do it’s job at a higher rate
Dendrites have specific binding sites that only accept certain neurotransmitters
Although these chemicals are not literally the same thing, they can still fit into the receptor site
Examples
Opiates
These are agonists for endorphins, our natural pain killers
They create pain relief
Highly addictive
Dopamine Agonists (L-Dopa)
Supply more dopamine
Often prescribes for those with Parkinson’s and RLS
These can stop tremors
Antagonists
Antagonists block neurotransmitters in one of two ways
They can bind to the receptor site without activating it, taking up that space and not allowing the neurotransmitter to pass its message
They can block the terminal and not allow neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse
They cause less of or diminish entirely the effect that the neurotransmitter caused
Examples
Botulinum Toxin (Botox)
A antagonist for acetylcholine, which contracts muscles
Blocks the release of ACh, meaning muscles cannot contract
Localized paralysis
Alcohol
An antagonist for glutamate
This means it is a depressant: depressing reaction time, judgement, foresight, etc.
Reuptake Inhibitors
Reuptake Inhibitors (R.I.) block the neurotransmitter from being absorbed back into the axon terminal
This means that the neurotransmitters continue to float in the synapse and bind with dendrites
These drugs increase the effect that the neurotransmitter caused
Examples
S.S.R.I.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors do not allow serotonin chemicals to reenter the axon terminal
This keeps it in the synapse where it continues to bind to dendrites
This can help regulate mood and other processes
Remember that serotonin regulates many different things throughout the body