APUSH Midterm Connections

Colonial Period

• A. Roger Williams - Anne Hutchinson - William Bradford: Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were religious dissenters in Puritan New England, advocating for religious freedom and challenging established norms. William Bradford was a leader of the Pilgrims, helping to establish Plymouth Colony and authoring a key account of their journey and settlement.

• B. Jonathan Edwards - George Whitefield - Great Awakening: Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were prominent preachers of the First Great Awakening, a religious revival movement in the 1730s-1740s. This movement emphasized emotional religious experiences and challenged traditional church authority.

• C. Mayflower Compact - House of Burgesses: The Mayflower Compact was an early example of self-governance in Plymouth Colony. The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first elected legislative body in the colonies, setting a precedent for representative government.

• D. Trade and Navigation Acts - Salutary Neglect - Mercantilism: These acts regulated colonial trade to benefit Britain under mercantilist principles. However, "salutary neglect" allowed the colonies relative freedom, fostering independent economic practices that would later fuel revolutionary sentiment.

• E. Puritans - Pilgrims/Separatists - City on a Hill: Puritans sought to reform the Church of England and establish a "city on a hill," a model Christian community. Pilgrims, a subgroup, broke completely from the church and founded Plymouth Colony for religious freedom.

Socioeconomic Challenges

• F. Bacon's Rebellion - Middle Passage - Indentured Servants: Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 highlighted tensions between frontier settlers and colonial elites over land and governance. The Middle Passage was the brutal transatlantic journey of enslaved Africans. Indentured servants worked under contracts to repay passage to America, a precursor to slavery.

American Revolution

• G. French and Indian War – American Revolution: The French and Indian War (1754–1763) increased British debt, leading to higher taxes on the colonies. These tensions set the stage for colonial resistance and eventual revolution.

• H. Proclamation of 1763 - Stamp Act - Boston Massacre - Boston Tea Party - Coercive/Intolerable Acts: These events escalated colonial anger. The Proclamation restricted westward expansion, the Stamp Act taxed without representation, and the Coercive Acts punished Boston after the Tea Party.

• I. Thomas Paine - Common Sense - Thomas Jefferson - Declaration of Independence: Paine's Common Sense argued for independence in plain language, influencing public opinion. Jefferson drafted the Declaration, asserting the colonies’ right to self-govern.

• J. Saratoga – Yorktown - Treaty of Paris 1783: The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point, securing French support. The siege at Yorktown led to British surrender, and the Treaty of Paris recognized American independence.

Early Republic

• K. Virginia Plan - New Jersey Plan - Connecticut (Great) Compromise: These proposals debated representation in the new government, leading to the Great Compromise, which established a bicameral legislature.

• L. Alexander Hamilton – Thomas Jefferson: Hamilton, a Federalist, supported a strong central government and a national bank, while Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, favored states' rights and agrarianism.

• M. John Marshall - Marbury v Madison – Judicial Review: Marshall's decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) established judicial review, giving courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

• N. Shays’ Rebellion – Whiskey Rebellion: Shays' Rebellion exposed weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation, while the Whiskey Rebellion tested federal authority under the Constitution.

• O. Alien and Sedition Acts – Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions: The Acts targeted immigrants and dissenters, prompting the Resolutions, which argued states could nullify unconstitutional federal laws.

• P. Washington's Farewell Address - Embargo Act 1807 - Monroe Doctrine: Washington warned against foreign alliances and political parties. The Embargo Act hurt U.S. trade, while the Monroe Doctrine opposed European interference in the Americas.

• Q. Louisiana Purchase – Thomas Jefferson – Toussaint L’Ouverture: The Louisiana Purchase doubled U.S. territory under Jefferson, partly due to Haitian leader Toussaint L’Ouverture's impact on French ambitions in the Americas.

• R. War Hawks – Impressment – War of 1812: War Hawks pushed for conflict with Britain over issues like impressment of sailors, leading to the War of 1812.

Jacksonian Democracy

• S. Trail of Tears - Worcester v Georgia: The forced removal of Native Americans on the Trail of Tears followed Worcester v. Georgia, a Supreme Court ruling that Jackson ignored.

• T. Andrew Jackson – Whig Party: Jackson’s populist policies led to the formation of the Whig Party in opposition.

• U. Henry Clay - American System: Clay promoted the American System, advocating for tariffs, a national bank, and infrastructure improvements.

• V. Tariff of Abominations – Nullification – Force Act - John C. Calhoun: The Tariff of Abominations caused Southern protests, leading to the nullification crisis, which Jackson countered with the Force Act.

• W. Second Great Awakening – Abolitionists: A religious revival inspired reform movements, including abolitionism.

• X. Dorothea Dix - Horace Mann: Dix reformed mental health care, and Mann championed public education.

Prelude to Civil War

• AA. Manifest Destiny - James K. Polk – Mexican-American War: Polk's presidency emphasized Manifest Destiny, leading to the Mexican-American War and territorial expansion.

• BB. Wilmot Proviso - Mexican Cession – Free Soilers: The Proviso sought to ban slavery in Mexican Cession lands, sparking the Free Soil movement.

• CC. Missouri Compromise – Compromise of 1850: These compromises attempted to balance free and slave states, delaying sectional conflict.

• DD. Uncle Tom's Cabin - Fugitive Slave Law - Sumner-Brooks Affair - Underground Railroad: These events highlighted the moral and political struggles over slavery.

• EE. Kansas-Nebraska Act – Bleeding Kansas - Popular Sovereignty - Stephen Douglas: Douglas' Act allowed territories to decide on slavery, leading to violence in “Bleeding Kansas.”

• FF. William Lloyd Garrison - Frederick Douglass: Garrison’s The Liberator and Douglass’ writings were pivotal in the abolitionist movement.