Chartres was considered the center of the cult of the Virgin throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries
The tunic Mary wore at Jesus’ birth was considered the most cherished relic at the Chartres Cathedral.
The chief purpose of the stained-glass programs in all Gothic cathedrals was to tell the stories of the Bible.
One of the stained-glass windows at the Chartres Cathedral shows the genealogy of Christ. The window called “Tree of Jesse” depicts the Virgin Mary as descended from Jesse, the father of King David, Thus fulfilling a prophecy in the book of Isaiah.
In a Gothic church, the flying buttress was traditionally built against an exterior wall to provide support for more windows and brace it against strong winds.
The figure of Saint Theodore found on the jamb of the Chartres’ south transept portal stands in a contrapposto position.
The Magnus Libri Organi is a collection of musical works created by many composers which provided music for all the feast days of the Church calendar.
Viderunt Omnes is a four-part polyphonic composition intended to be sung in the middle of the Christmas Mass at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
The minimum number of voices included in a motet is three.
The trivium consisted of:
Bologna was the first city to found a university, establishing itself as a center for the study of law.
Latin was mandatory, and students studied Latin in all courses of their first four years of study.
Robert de Sorbon played a significant role in organizing theology students in Paris.
Peter Abelard, a logician and author of the treatise Sic en Non taught by the dialectical method.
Trotula is widely recognized as the author of On the Diseases of Women.
Thomas Aquinas wrote the Summa Theologiae and was one of the prominent spokesmen for scholasticism.
The Gothic church at Sainte-Chapelle features the highest ratio of glass to stone.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti is credited with painting the fresco known as the Allegory of Good Government.
By the twelfth century, Florence was the center of textile production in the Western world and played a central role in European trade markets.
Florentine bankers introduced Europe’s first single currency, the gold florin. The gold florin was considered the most important contribution of Florence’s bankers and money lenders to the trade world.
Arte dei Lana formed the Opera del Duomo, or Department of Works of the Duomo, a committee in charge of building a new Cathedral.
The Dominicans and Franciscans were both mendicant orders: that is, neither held property or engaged in business, relying for their support on contributions from their communities.
The accomplishments of Pope Innocent consisted of:
Formalized the Church hierarchy.
Gave full sanction to the doctrine of transubstantiation.
Made annual confession and Easter communion mandatory for all adult Christians.
Simone Martini is credited with painting the Mesata (Virgin and Child), which once hung in the council chamber of Sienna’s Palazzo Publico.
According to an old story, one day Cimabue discovered a talented shepherd boy by the name of Giotto di Bondone and tutored him in the art of painting. The pupil soon surpassed the teacher.
Dante Alighieri is credited for being the author of Divine Comedy.
When Donte and Virgil reach the lowest level of Hell, they find Satan himself chewing on the worst of all traitors: Judas, Brutas, and Cassius.
Beatrice, the love of his life, serves as Dante’s guide through paradise.
The Decameron provides a startling description of Florence during an outbreak of the
plague.
The Canterbury Tales is composed of heroic couplets.
Geoffrey Chaucer is credited with being the author of The Canterbury Tales.
Chaucer’s characters come from all three estates or social ranks:
The Nobility
The Clergy
The common people
Christine de Pizan is credited with being the author of the Book of the City of Ladies.
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