Untitled Flashcards Set

Body Planes

Body planes are imaginary lines dividing the body into sections. They are used to describe locations or movements.

1. Sagittal Plane

   • Divides the body into left and right sections.

   • Midsagittal: Equal halves.

   • Parasagittal: Unequal sections.

   • Movements: Forward and backward (e.g., flexion, extension).

2. Frontal (Coronal) Plane

   • Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.

   • Movements: Side-to-side (e.g., abduction, adduction).

3. Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

   • Divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) sections.

   • Movements: Rotational (e.g., internal and external rotation).

Body Movements

Describes the way joints and muscles move the body:

1. Flexion and Extension

   • Flexion: Decreases the angle between two body parts (e.g., bending the elbow).

   • Extension: Increases the angle (e.g., straightening the knee).

2. Abduction and Adduction

   • Abduction: Movement away from the midline (e.g., raising arms laterally).

   • Adduction: Movement toward the midline (e.g., lowering arms back).

3. Rotation

   • Internal (Medial) Rotation: Turning toward the body’s midline.

   • External (Lateral) Rotation: Turning away from the midline.

4. Circumduction

   • A circular movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction (e.g., arm circles).

5. Pronation and Supination

   • Pronation: Turning the palm downward.

   • Supination: Turning the palm upward.

6. Elevation and Depression

   • Elevation: Lifting a body part (e.g., shrugging shoulders).

   • Depression: Lowering a body part.

7. Protraction and Retraction

   • Protraction: Moving a part forward (e.g., jutting the jaw).

   • Retraction: Pulling a part backward.

8. Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

   • Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upward.

   • Plantarflexion: Pointing the foot downward.

9. Inversion and Eversion

   • Inversion: Turning the sole of the foot inward.

   • Eversion: Turning the sole of the foot outward.