AP PSYCH 5.4 Retrieving

Types of Retrieval

Recognition

• Identifying previous learning
• Stays stable with age
• Like a multiple choice question
  • The answer is there fore, you just need to identify which one is right
• This is the easier method of retrieval because you have some framework to help you

Recall

• ‘Pulling out’ previous learning
  • No supplemental material to help
• Ability declines with age
• Like a free response question

Relearning

• Improved retrieval with repeated learning
• Forges stronger connections as the learning is constantly being maintained

Overlearning

• Practice after learning a skill to make it more resilient to forgetting
• Making sure the memory is there, then strengthening it more
• Like getting a term right when studying, then proceeding to review that term for 5 minutes

Retrieval Cues

• These serve as connection points to access a memory
• Such as smells, sounds, or visuals

Priming

• Activation of memory associations in anticipation of something being retrieved
• Can sometimes occur unconsciously
• Previous exposure may influence future thoughts and behavior

Context-Dependent Memory

• Revisiting the location of an experience as the cue
• The context may not necessarily be a location

State-Dependent Memory

• Experiencing something in one state will be remembered better the next time we are in that state
• Often relates to our emotions during that time
  • Mood-congruent memory
  • Emotion is serves as a cue for retrieval
• Can also be a state like injury or sickness