AP PSYCH 5.4 Retrieving

Types of Retrieval

Recognition

  • Identifying previous learning
  • Stays stable with age
  • Like a multiple choice question
    • The answer is there fore, you just need to identify which one is right
  • This is the easier method of retrieval because you have some framework to help you

Recall

  • ā€˜Pulling outā€™ previous learning
    • No supplemental material to help
  • Ability declines with age
  • Like a free response question

Relearning

  • Improved retrieval with repeated learning
  • Forges stronger connections as the learning is constantly being maintained

Overlearning

  • Practice after learning a skill to make it more resilient to forgetting
  • Making sure the memory is there, then strengthening it more
  • Like getting a term right when studying, then proceeding to review that term for 5 minutes

Retrieval Cues

  • These serve as connection points to access a memory
  • Such as smells, sounds, or visuals

Priming

  • Activation of memory associations in anticipation of something being retrieved
  • Can sometimes occur unconsciously
  • Previous exposure may influence future thoughts and behavior

Context-Dependent Memory

  • Revisiting the location of an experience as the cue
  • The context may not necessarily be a location

State-Dependent Memory

  • Experiencing something in one state will be remembered better the next time we are in that state
  • Often relates to our emotions during that time
    • Mood-congruent memory
    • Emotion is serves as a cue for retrieval
  • Can also be a state like injury or sickness

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