UNIT-3-Nursing-as-an-ART

UNIT 3: NURSING AS AN ART

Caring and Caring Practice Model

• Nursing as Art and Science: Nursing combines artistic intuition with scientific knowledge; caring is the theoretical foundation of nursing.

• Relational Understanding: Emphasizes the unity and connection between the nurse and the patient, enhancing the quality of care delivery.

• Mastery through Caring: Nurses develop skills in sensing and perceiving patient care, promoting positive health outcomes.

Concepts on Caring

• Core Components: Caring and knowledge are essential pillars; maintaining relationship-centered approaches is crucial in patient care.

• Integration with Technology: Advances in technology should complement rather than detract from compassionate care.

• Therapeutic Relationships: Caring allows for respectful and effective interactions with patients.

Caring Practice Models

A. Meyerhoff’s Model

• Focuses on development, mutual trust, and qualitative transformation in nurse-patient relationships.

B. Benner’s Model

• Supports clients in illness recovery and finding meaning while reestablishing connections.

C. Leininger’s Model

• Caring as a Dominant Domain: Differentiates nursing from other health disciplines; emphasizes cultural variations in caring.

• Cultural Understanding: Nurses must recognize diverse expressions and processes of caring across different cultures.

D. Jean Watson’s Human Caring Theory

• Holistic Model: Prioritizes the conscious intention to care, promoting healing and wholeness.

• Caritive Factors: Guides nursing interventions to enhance human care quality.

  • Ten Caritive Factors include:

    1. Humanistic-altruistic value system

    2. Instilling faith and hope

    3. Sensitivity to oneself and others

    4. Developing trust relationships

    5. Promoting emotional expression

    6. Problem-solving methods

    7. Interpersonal teaching-learning

    8. Supportive environments

    9. Gratifying human needs

    10. Acknowledging phenomenological forces

E. Kristen Swanson’s Theory

• Nurturing Relation: Caring is not exclusive to nursing; it includes a commitment to the individual.

• Five Caring Processes:

  1. Knowing: Understanding events in the client's life.

  2. Being With: Emotional presence and support.

  3. Doing For: Acting in the client's best interest.

  4. Enabling: Facilitating life transitions.

  5. Maintaining Belief: Sustaining faith in the client's capabilities.

F. Simone Roach’s Seven C’s of Caring

1. Compassion: Sharing in the suffering of others

2. Competence: Knowledgeable application of nursing skills

3. Conscience: Ethical decision-making

4. Confidence: Trust in abilities as a nurse

5. Commitment: Dedication to patient welfare

6. Comportment: Professional behavior and presentation

7. Creativity: Innovative approaches to care

Components of Caring in Nursing Practice

1. Providing Presence: Establishing connection through presence and positive interaction.

2. Touch and Comforting: Gentle performance of care skills.

3. Listening: Genuine attention to patient needs and emotions.

4. Knowing the Client: Essential for accurate clinical judgment.

5. Spiritual Caring: Fostering interconnectedness and support.

6. Family Care: Engaging with the patient’s family unit.

7. Suffering Relief: Addressing physical and emotional suffering holistically.

Nurse Self-Care

• Definition: Intentional actions to maintain nurse's well-being to prevent burnout and promote effective patient care.

Importance of Nurse Self-Care

1. Burnout Prevention: Management of stress levels.

2. Physical Well-being: Prioritizing health through rest and nutrition.

3. Mental Resilience: Managing emotional well-being.

4. Work-Life Balance: Setting personal boundaries.

5. Enhanced Patient Care: Nurses in good health provide superior care.

Self-Care Strategies

1. Physical Self-Care: Exercise and nutrition.

2. Emotional Self-Care: Support networks and mindfulness.

3. Professional Self-Care: Education and mentorship.

4. Social Self-Care: Connect with support systems.

5. Psychological Self-Care: Know when to seek help.

Teaching in Nursing

Overview

• Teaching as Art: Teaching encompasses creativity and strong communication skills within the nursing context.

• Roles of Nurses in Teaching: Education extends to patients, families, and peers in various settings.

Theories of Learning in Nursing

1. Behaviorism: Emphasizes stimulus-response scenarios.

2. Cognitivism: Focuses on active mental processes.

3. Constructivism: Knowledge building based on past experiences.

4. Humanism: Centers on self-directed and personal learning.

5. Experiential Learning: Knowledge acquisition through experience.

Principles of Teaching and Learning in Nursing

1. Active Engagement: Learners must participate actively.

2. Relevance: Contextual learning improves retention.

3. Readiness: Learning is most effective when students are prepared.

4. Repetition: Reinforces retention of information.

5. Positive Environment: A welcoming atmosphere enhances learning.

6. Feedback: Essential for improvement and growth.

7. Individual Learning Differences: Recognizing diverse learning styles.

Teaching Strategies in Nursing

1. Lecture and Discussion: Foundations for large groups.

2. Demonstration: Essential for psychomotor skill learning.

3. Role-Playing: Engages learners in practical scenarios.

4. Case Studies: Encourages analytical thinking.

5. One-on-One Teaching: Tailored education for specific needs.

6. Technology: Utilization of multimedia resources.

7. Group Discussions: Fostering collaborative learning.

Factors Affecting Teaching and Learning

1. Learner Factors: Motivation, health conditions, cultural beliefs.

2. Teacher Factors: Effective communication and current knowledge.

3. Environmental Factors: Minimized distractions amplify learning.

The Role of Nurses as Educators

1. Patient Education: Instructing on self-care and disease management.

2. Family and Caregiver Education: Empowering family members.

3. Mentoring Nursing Students: Guiding clinical experiences.

4. Community Health Education: Promoting general health initiatives.

Teaching Methods by Development Capacity

• Infants: Routine consistency and sensory engagement.

• Toddlers: Play-based learning.

• Preschoolers: Encouraging play and questions.

• School-Aged Children: Health skill teaching.

• Adolescents: Involving them in decision-making.

• Adults: Mutual goal setting.

• Older Adults: Short and focused teaching sessions.