Word

Definition

Migration

Permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one place to another.

Voluntary Migration

Movement or migration made by choice or desire to move.

Push Factors

Negative circumstances, events or conditions at a place where one leaves which compels them to leave.

Pull Factors

Positive circumstances, events or conditions which people usually immigrate to.

Immigrant

Person who moves into a country with the intent of living there.

Emigrant

Person who moves out of the country with the intent of moving to another country permanently.

Emigrate

the act of moving out of the country. People who emigrate are emigrants.

Xenophobia

Fear, dislike, or prejudice against people from other countries, cultures, or ethnicities.

Migration Transition Model

Argues that countries in stages 2 and 3 of the DTM experience rapid population growth and overcrowding. This creates a push factors, causing people to migrate to stage 4 or 5 countries which are less crowded and off more economic opportunities.

Intervening Obstacles

Barriers that make reaching the desired destinations that people are trying to reach more difficult during migration.

Intervening Opportunity

Opportunities that people may come across while traveling which may disrupt their plans. Ex: finding a job somewhere other than your desired destination.

Distance Decay

The idea that the further apart two places are, the less likely it is that people will migrate to them.

Gravity Model of Migration

Idea that people will choose to move to more populous, closer places that have people with things and common and economic opportunities, but as the distance between the two places increases, the pull factors are less effective.

Step Migration

Process in which people migrate from place to place in order to get to their final destination.

Rural to Urban Migration

Process of people living in rural areas such as farms and small towns to urban areas such as large cities.

Remittances

Money or goods that individuals, typically migrants, send to their families or communities in their home country. These transfers are often made to support relatives with living expenses, education, healthcare, or other financial needs.

Counter Migration

Migration caused by another migration that is going in the opposite way.

Return Migration

People moving back to their former home.

Forced Migration

involuntary migration, meaning people are forced to move due to ESPN reasons.

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

People who are forced to move but do not move to another country. Instead they move to a more prosperous part of the same country

Refugee

People who are forced to move and move to another country through international borders, whether legally or illegally.

Asylum

Protection granted to refugees after they arrive in another country because of Forced Migration by the country they have arrived in if returning means potential injury, loss, or death.

Voluntary Migration

When people choose to relocate

Brain Drain

Emigration of highly skilled, educated, or talented individuals from one country to another, typically for better job opportunities, higher wages, improved living conditions, or more advanced research facilities.

Internal Migration

Migration that occurs within a country.

Transnational Migration

When people move from one country to another.

Chain Migration

When people move to a certain county or city because of a social or political tie they have with that place. Ex: A family moving to Chinatown because they are from Beijing.

Guest Workers

People who migrate to another country to provide service or labor that isn’t available in that country otherwise.

Transhumance

Process where herders move with their animals to different pastures during different seasons.

Guest-Worker Policies

Policies that control how many guest workers can be in a country doing which jobs for how much time.

Family Reunification

Policies that allow families to sponsor migrating family members who migrate to the country.

Ethnic Enclaves

Small regions filled with people primarily of the same ethnic group.