Covalent Bonding:
What makes an atom stable?
By having a full set of valence electrons
Covalent bond- atoms bond by sharing valence electrons and completing each other
Ionic Bounding:
Ion- a charge based on an imbalance of protons to electrons
Ionic Bond- a bond formed by the attraction of opposite charged ions
When is an atom not an ion?
When they are not charged
(When Halogens need one more valence electron, they take one from another atom, which gains the Halogen their one and makes the atom lose theirs. This makes them charged and attracted to each other.)
Alkali Metals- are not stable and only have one electron.
Alkali Earth Metals- 2 valence electrons and more stable than alkali metals but still unstable
Transition Metals- Active metals, semimetals, and non-metals serve as a bridge between the two sides of the table (stable).
Halogen- an atom that has 7 valence electrons and can take valence electrons called electronegativity
Noble Gases- stable and have a full set of valence electrons
Hydrogen- only one valence electron (stable) but will hook up/ connect with almost anything.
Atom, Element, Molecule, and Compound:
Atom- single unit of matter that cannot be broken down further
Element- a bunch of the same atoms together (unbonded)
Molecule- 2 or more atoms bonded together
What is it called when 2 of the same atoms bond together?
Homonuclear Diatomic Molecule
What is it called when 2 or more different atoms bond together?
Compound
Chemical Reaction vs Physical Reaction:
When molecular bonds break and atoms rearrange differently, making new substances
Signs of chemical reaction
Physical Reaction - A change in appearance, but molecules are the same.
Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter:
Law of Conservation- in every chemical reaction, no atoms are lost nor gained. Matter is neither created nor destroyed. Atoms are just being recycled.
What is it called when you balance chemical equations?
Stoichiometry
Energy in Chemical Reactions:
What is between the bonds between molecules?
Energy
When molecules break apart, energy is released. That energy is used to reassemble the atoms and make new molecules.
PH- potential of hydrogen
What pH level makes an acid?
0-6.99
What pH level makes a base (alkali)?
7.1-14
What pH level is natural?
7
What can determine pH?
Red cabbage
What is natural?
Water
What is the taste of acids?
Sour
What is the taste of bases?
Bitter
Endothermic VS Exothermic
What energy is not enough to complete the change, so energy is absorbed from the environment?
Endothermis
What energy is too much after the change is complete? Energy is released into the environment.
Exothermis
Is melting ice endothermic or exothermic?
Endothermic
Is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic?
Endothermic
Is water evaporation into gas endothermic or exothermic?
Endothermic
Are fireworks endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic
Is water turning into ice endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic
Are hand warmers endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic
Natural VS Synthetic
What is synthetic?
Synthetic is something that is not natural but starts from natural materials?
What is natural?
Something that comes from nature.
Is artificial sweetener synthetic or natural?
Synthetic
Are vegetarian burgers synthetic or natural?
Natural (if all plant-based) synthetic (if it has a meat substance that is not natural)
Are McDonald's burgers synthetic or natural?
Synthetic (the stuff in McDonald's bugers is NOT natural)
Knowt
Note
Studied by 11 people
