Chapter 6: APUSH Study guide

City upon a hill – term used by John Winthrop about Massachusetts Bay colony

ENCOMIENDA – Spanish colonial system, giving colonist the right to demand tribute from native

Head system - land distribution system, and Virginia, 50 acres for each immigrant who paid for their own passage

Indentured servitude – people would work and exchange for passage to the new world, as well as food, clothes and shelter

Joint stock company – allowed many people to pull their resources for financial ventures

Merchantism - the theory that nations wealth was equal to the amount of gold and silver they had used to benefit their mother country

Middle passage – second leg of triangular trade route resulted in the creation of the slave trade routes

Praying towns – established by Puritans Native Americans could adopt Christianity

Pre-Colombian era – before Christopher Columbus

Pro prietary colony –granted my Great Britain to individual so that way they could govern

Revivalism – a religious movement that preached about salvation

Royal colony – was directly governed by the Royal Crown

Salutary neglect - Great Britain loosely, enforced trade regulations

Slavery – a system or individuals were owned as property

Spanish mission systems – religious outpost by Spanish colonist to convert the Natives

Tariff – taxes imposed on imported goods to protect domestic in industries/create revenue for the government

• Indentured servitude – a labor system where individuals worked for a specified number of years in exchange for passage to America and eventual freedom.

• Mercantilism – an economic theory that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth, primarily gold and silver, through a favorable balance of trade that supports colonial expansion. The Columbian Exchange – the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World following Columbus's voyages.

• The Triangular Trade - a system of transatlantic trade in which goods and enslaved people were exchanged between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, significantly impacting the economies and societies of all three regions. The Middle Passage - the horrific journey endured by enslaved Africans transported to the Americas, characterized by overcrowded ships and inhumane conditions, which played a crucial role in the Triangular Trade.