Probiotics

Probiotics Defined

• Probiotics are living microorganisms, specifically bacteria, that, when ingested in adequate quantities, provide health benefits.
• The concept of beneficial bacteria for human health emerged in the early 20th century.
• While some fermented foods qualify as probiotics, not all do.
• To be termed a probiotic, a food or product must:
  • Contain live microorganisms.
  • Have a sufficient viable count.
  • Consist of well-defined strains.
  • Offer a reasonable expectation of benefit to the host's well-being.

Strain Specificity

• The actions and characteristics of microorganisms are strain-specific, not species or genus-specific.
• Example: If Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG demonstrates a specific health benefit in clinical trials, it cannot be assumed that other bacteria like Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 will have the same effect.

Mechanisms of Action

• Probiotics exert their effects through various mechanisms:
  • Suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
  • Blocking epithelial attachment by pathogenic bacteria.
  • Enhancing mucosal function.
  • Modulating the host's immune response.

Probiotic Products

• Probiotics are available in various forms:
  • Capsules
  • Powders
  • Fortified foods such as fermented milks and yogurts.

Conditions Benefited by Probiotics

• Probiotics have shown promise in managing or preventing several conditions, including:
  • Diarrhea
  • Infectious childhood illnesses
  • Antibiotic-associated conditions
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), such as diverticulitis and ulcerative colitis
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
  • Allergy prevention

Mechanisms of Action

• Probiotics exert their effects through various mechanisms:
  • Suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
  • Blocking epithelial attachment to pathogens.
  • Enhancing mucosal function.
  • Modulating host immune response.