Chap 2

• Industrialization: The shift from farming to factory-based production, where machines make things faster and in larger amounts. 

• Market Revolution: A period of big changes in how goods were produced, sold, and transported in the U.S., especially with new roads, canals, and railroads. 

• Assembly Line: A method where workers and machines are arranged to make products step by step, making production faster. 

• Nativism: The belief that people born in a country should be favored over immigrants. 

• Pushing/Pulling Dynamics: Things that push people away from their home country (like poverty) or pull them to another country (like better opportunities). 

• Great Potato Famine: A disaster in Ireland (Irish) in the 1840s where potato crops failed, causing hunger and many people to move to the U.S. 

• Labor Movement: Workers fighting for better wages, working conditions, and rights, especially during the rise of factories. 

• Factory System: A way of making products in factories with many workers and machines working together in one place. 

• Erie Canal: A big waterway built in 1825 that connected New York to the Great Lakes, making it easier to ship goods. 

• Railroad: A network of trains that made it faster to travel and ship goods across the country. 

• Corrupt Bargain: The 1824 election where Andrew Jackson thought a deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay helped Adams win Secretary of State unfairly. 

• Tariff of Abominations: A tax on imports in 1828 that made goods more expensive, which upset the South. 

• Jacksonian Democracy: A political movement under President Andrew Jackson that supported more rights for regular people, especially the common man. 

• Nullification Crisis: A situation in the 1830s where South Carolina refused to follow a federal law, claiming states could ignore national rules. 

• Indian Removal Act: A law passed in 1830 under Andrew Jackson that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River, leading to the Trail of Tears. (Removal of the Five Civilized Tribes into Indian Territory (Oklahoma)( 

• Cherokee 

• Creek 

• Chickasaw 

• Choctaw 

• Seminole) 

• Missouri Compromise: A law in 1820 that allowed Missouri to be a slave state but set rules for where slavery could or could not exist in the future. 

Removal of the Five Civilized Tribes into Indian Territory (Oklahoma) 

• Battle of San Jacinto: A key battle in 1836 where Texas won its independence from Mexico. (Mexico’s legal recognition of independent Texas) 

• Mexican American War: A war between the U.S. and Mexico in the 1840s, where the U.S. won and gained a lot of land, including California and the Southwest. 

• Mexican Cession: The land Mexico gave to the U.S. after the Mexican American War, including parts of what are now California, Arizona, and others. 

• Wilmot Proviso: A proposal to stop slavery in any new land gained from Mexico, but it was never passed. 

• Free Soil Party: A political group that opposed slavery in new territories, wanting land to be for free workers only. 

• Slave Power: The disproportionate political influence and control held by slaveholders, especially in the South, over U.S. politics.