Term: Allele frequencies
Definition: The proportion of different alleles of a gene in a population.

Term: Artificial intelligence
Definition: The simulation of human intelligence in machines.

Term: Assortative mating
Definition: A mating pattern where individuals with similar phenotypes mate more frequently than by chance.

Term: Bottleneck effect
Definition: A sharp reduction in population size due to environmental events or human activities, affecting genetic diversity.

Term: Disassortative mating
Definition: A mating pattern where individuals with different phenotypes mate more frequently than by chance.

Term: Directional selection
Definition: A type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype over the other.

Term: Disruptive selection
Definition: A type of natural selection that favors individuals at both extremes of a trait over intermediates.

Term: Epistasis
Definition: An interaction where one gene's expression is affected by one or more other genes.

Term: Evolution
Definition: The change in heritable traits in a population over generations.

Term: Evolutionary fitness
Definition: The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce relative to others in a population.

Term: Founder effect
Definition: Genetic differences arising when a new population is established by a small group of individuals.

Term: Frequency-dependent selection
Definition: A selection process where the fitness of a phenotype depends on its frequency in the population.

Term: Gene flow
Definition: The transfer of genetic material between populations.

Term: Genetic drift
Definition: Random changes in allele frequencies in a population over time.

Term: Genetic variation
Definition: The diversity of gene variants within a population.

Term: Handicap hypothesis
Definition: A theory suggesting that certain traits signal an individual's fitness despite being costly to maintain.

Term: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Definition: The state where a population's allele frequencies remain constant over time in the absence of evolutionary forces.

Term: Hardy-Weinberg principle
Definition: A model describing the genetic makeup of a population that is not evolving.

Term: Heterozygote advantage
Definition: A situation where heterozygous individuals have higher fitness than homozygous ones.

Term: Intersexual selection
Definition: A form of sexual selection where individuals of one sex choose mates based on specific traits.

Term: Intrasexual selection
Definition: A form of sexual selection involving competition within the same sex for mates.

Term: Mutation
Definition: A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

Term: Natural selection
Definition: The process by which traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in a population.

Term: Negative frequency-dependent selection
Definition: A selection process where rare phenotypes have higher fitness than common ones.

Term: Non-random mating
Definition: Mating that is influenced by phenotype or genotype rather than occurring randomly.

Term: Oscillating selection
Definition: Selection that alternates in favoring different traits over time.

Term: Parental investment
Definition: The resources and care a parent provides to increase offspring survival.

Term: Pleiotropy
Definition: A single gene influencing multiple phenotypic traits.

Term: Population genetics
Definition: The study of genetic variation within and between populations.

Term: Positive frequency-dependent selection
Definition: A selection process where common phenotypes have higher fitness than rare ones.

Term: Relative concept
Definition: The idea that fitness is measured relative to others in the population.

Term: Reproductive strategies
Definition: The behaviors and physiological mechanisms organisms use to maximize reproductive success.

Term: Secondary sexual characteristics
Definition: Traits that distinguish the sexes but are not directly involved in reproduction.

Term: Selection
Definition: The process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population due to differential reproductive success.

Term: Sensory exploitation
Definition: The hypothesis that certain traits evolve to exploit pre-existing sensory biases in mates.

Term: Sexual dimorphism
Definition: Physical differences between males and females of a species.

Term: Sexual selection
Definition: A form of natural selection arising through preference for certain traits in mating.

Term: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs)
Definition: Variations at a single nucleotide position in the DNA sequence among individuals.

Term: Sperm competition
Definition: Competition between sperm from different males to fertilize an egg.

Term: Stabilizing selection
Definition: A type of natural selection that favors intermediate traits, reducing variation.

Term: Survival
Definition: The ability of an organism to continue living and reproducing.