56d ago

Dissection 6 - The Face

Dissection Guide

Muscles of Facial Expression

  • Platysma

    • F: Tightens skin of the neck and depresses angle of the mouth

    • I: Cervical branch of CN VII

  • Frontalis

    • F: Raise eyebrows

    • I: Temporal and zygomatic branches of CN VII

  • Orbicularis oculi

    • F: Closes eyes

    • I: Zygomatic branch of CN VII

  • Zygomaticus major

    • F: Smiling

    • I: Upper buccal branches of CN VII

  • Orbicularis oris

    • F: Pucker the lips

    • I: Lower buccal and marginal mandibular branches of CN VII

  • Buccinator

    • F: Movement of cheeks

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Nasalis

    • F: Flare nostrils

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Levator labii superioris

    • F: Elevate upper lip

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Levator anguli oris

    • F: Elevate angles of the mouth

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Depressor labii inferioris

    • F: Depress lower lip

    • I: Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

  • Depressor anguli oris

    • F; Depress angles of the lips

    • I: Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

  • Risorius

    • F: Smile

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Mentalis

    • F: Raise lower lip

    • I: Mandibular branch of CN VII

Face Dissection

  • Parotid gland and duct

    • Note that buccal branch of CN VII runs parallel to parotid duct

    • Parotid duct is deep anterior to masseter m.

      • Runs through buccal fat pad and pierces buccinator → open adjacent to second maxillary molar

  • Facial a. passes over corpus of the mandible anterior to masseter

    • Branch of ECA

    • Note: The a. is tortuous near the mandible

  • Facial a. branches into angular a. and inferior/superior labial a.

Facial n.

  • Common facial n. found posterior to the parotid gland and divides within the gland


Bolded Terms

Angular artery

  • Facial a. once it reaches the side of the nose

Anterior nasal spine

  • Pointed, midline bony projection located at the lower margin of the nasal opening, formed by the fusion of the right and left maxillae at the superior end of the intermaxillary suture


Buccal branch of facial n.

  • Run parallel the parotid duct

Buccal fat pad

  • Adipose tissue located deep within the cheek

  • Between the buccinator muscle and more superficial facial muscles such as the masseter and zygomaticus

Buccinator m.

  • F: Movement of cheeks

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Cervical branch of facial n.

  • Found crossing the mandible to reach the platysma

Depressor anguli oris

  • F: Depresses angle of the the lips

  • I: Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

Depressor labii inferioris

  • F: Depress lower lip

  • I: Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

Facial a.

  • Branch of ECA

  • Passes over the corpus of the mandible, anterior to the masseter

    • A. can be compressed here to deduced bleeding from a facial laceration

  • Tortuous to give the a. more flexibility (lots of movement in the region)

Facial n.

  • Common facial n. found posterior to parotid gland (exits through the stylomastoid foramen)

Facial v.

Frontalis

  • F: Raises eyebrows

  • I: Temporal and zygomatic branches of CN VII

Inferior labial artery

  • Branch of facial a.

  • Runs inferior to lips

Infraorbital foramen

  • Infraorbital VAN exits (CN V2)

Levator anguli oris

  • F: Elevate angle of the mouth

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Levator labii superioris

  • F: Elevate upper lip

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Marginal mandibular branch of facial n.

  • Runs along body of mandible

Masseter m.

  • Mastoid process to angle of mandible

  • Innervated by CN V3

Mental foramen

  • Mental VAN exits (CN V3)

Mentalis

  • F: raise lower lip

  • I: Mandibular branch of CN VII

Nasalis

  • F: Flare nostrils

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Orbicularis oculi

  • F: Closes eyes

  • I: Zygomatic branch of CN VII

Orbicularis oris

  • F: Pucker the lips

  • I: Lower buccal and marginal mandibular branches of CN VII

Parotid duct

  • Courses from the anterior border of the parotid gland to exit behind the maxillary 2nd molar

  • Dives deep anterior to the masseter, through the buccal fat pad, and pierces the buccinator m. before opening into the oral cavity

Parotid gland

  • Located anterior to the ear

  • Major salivary duct

  • CN VII runs inside the gland and parasympathetics from CN IX run to the gland

Platysma

  • F: Tightens skin of the neck and depresses angle of the mouth

  • I: Cervical branch of CN VII

Posterior auricular branch of facial

  • Runs posteriorly

Retromandibular v.

  • Posterior division joins with posterior auricular v. to drain into the EJV

  • Anterior division joins facial v. to form the common facial v. and drain into the IJV

Risorius

  • F: Smiling

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Superior labial a.

  • Branch of facial a.

  • Runs superior to lips

Supraorbital foramen

  • Supraorbital VAN (CN V1) exits

Temporal branch of facial n.

  • Found in temporal region

Tragus

  • Small, cartilaginous projection located on the external ear, positioned immediately anterior to the external auditory (ear) canal

Zygomatic branch of facial n.

  • Found in zygomatic arch region

Zygomaticus major

  • F: Smiling

  • I: Upper buccal branches of CN VII


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Dissection 6 - The Face

Dissection Guide

Muscles of Facial Expression

  • Platysma

    • F: Tightens skin of the neck and depresses angle of the mouth

    • I: Cervical branch of CN VII

  • Frontalis

    • F: Raise eyebrows

    • I: Temporal and zygomatic branches of CN VII

  • Orbicularis oculi

    • F: Closes eyes

    • I: Zygomatic branch of CN VII

  • Zygomaticus major

    • F: Smiling

    • I: Upper buccal branches of CN VII

  • Orbicularis oris

    • F: Pucker the lips

    • I: Lower buccal and marginal mandibular branches of CN VII

  • Buccinator

    • F: Movement of cheeks

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Nasalis

    • F: Flare nostrils

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Levator labii superioris

    • F: Elevate upper lip

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Levator anguli oris

    • F: Elevate angles of the mouth

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Depressor labii inferioris

    • F: Depress lower lip

    • I: Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

  • Depressor anguli oris

    • F; Depress angles of the lips

    • I: Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

  • Risorius

    • F: Smile

    • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

  • Mentalis

    • F: Raise lower lip

    • I: Mandibular branch of CN VII

Face Dissection

  • Parotid gland and duct

    • Note that buccal branch of CN VII runs parallel to parotid duct

    • Parotid duct is deep anterior to masseter m.

      • Runs through buccal fat pad and pierces buccinator → open adjacent to second maxillary molar

  • Facial a. passes over corpus of the mandible anterior to masseter

    • Branch of ECA

    • Note: The a. is tortuous near the mandible

  • Facial a. branches into angular a. and inferior/superior labial a.

Facial n.

  • Common facial n. found posterior to the parotid gland and divides within the gland


Bolded Terms

Angular artery

  • Facial a. once it reaches the side of the nose

Anterior nasal spine

  • Pointed, midline bony projection located at the lower margin of the nasal opening, formed by the fusion of the right and left maxillae at the superior end of the intermaxillary suture

Buccal branch of facial n.

  • Run parallel the parotid duct

Buccal fat pad

  • Adipose tissue located deep within the cheek

  • Between the buccinator muscle and more superficial facial muscles such as the masseter and zygomaticus

Buccinator m.

  • F: Movement of cheeks

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Cervical branch of facial n.

  • Found crossing the mandible to reach the platysma

Depressor anguli oris

  • F: Depresses angle of the the lips

  • I: Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

Depressor labii inferioris

  • F: Depress lower lip

  • I: Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

Facial a.

  • Branch of ECA

  • Passes over the corpus of the mandible, anterior to the masseter

    • A. can be compressed here to deduced bleeding from a facial laceration

  • Tortuous to give the a. more flexibility (lots of movement in the region)

Facial n.

  • Common facial n. found posterior to parotid gland (exits through the stylomastoid foramen)

Facial v.

Frontalis

  • F: Raises eyebrows

  • I: Temporal and zygomatic branches of CN VII

Inferior labial artery

  • Branch of facial a.

  • Runs inferior to lips

Infraorbital foramen

  • Infraorbital VAN exits (CN V2)

Levator anguli oris

  • F: Elevate angle of the mouth

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Levator labii superioris

  • F: Elevate upper lip

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Marginal mandibular branch of facial n.

  • Runs along body of mandible

Masseter m.

  • Mastoid process to angle of mandible

  • Innervated by CN V3

Mental foramen

  • Mental VAN exits (CN V3)

Mentalis

  • F: raise lower lip

  • I: Mandibular branch of CN VII

Nasalis

  • F: Flare nostrils

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Orbicularis oculi

  • F: Closes eyes

  • I: Zygomatic branch of CN VII

Orbicularis oris

  • F: Pucker the lips

  • I: Lower buccal and marginal mandibular branches of CN VII

Parotid duct

  • Courses from the anterior border of the parotid gland to exit behind the maxillary 2nd molar

  • Dives deep anterior to the masseter, through the buccal fat pad, and pierces the buccinator m. before opening into the oral cavity

Parotid gland

  • Located anterior to the ear

  • Major salivary duct

  • CN VII runs inside the gland and parasympathetics from CN IX run to the gland

Platysma

  • F: Tightens skin of the neck and depresses angle of the mouth

  • I: Cervical branch of CN VII

Posterior auricular branch of facial

  • Runs posteriorly

Retromandibular v.

  • Posterior division joins with posterior auricular v. to drain into the EJV

  • Anterior division joins facial v. to form the common facial v. and drain into the IJV

Risorius

  • F: Smiling

  • I: Buccal branch of CN VII

Superior labial a.

  • Branch of facial a.

  • Runs superior to lips

Supraorbital foramen

  • Supraorbital VAN (CN V1) exits

Temporal branch of facial n.

  • Found in temporal region

Tragus

  • Small, cartilaginous projection located on the external ear, positioned immediately anterior to the external auditory (ear) canal

Zygomatic branch of facial n.

  • Found in zygomatic arch region

Zygomaticus major

  • F: Smiling

  • I: Upper buccal branches of CN VII