GEC1-LESSON 3
The self is defined as the sense of personal identity and individuality, as described by William James in 1890.
William James conceptualized the self as having two aspects: the 'I' and the 'me'.
The 'I' represents the thinking, acting, and feeling self, while the 'me' encompasses physical and psychological characteristics that define an individual.
Carl Rogers also used the terms 'I' and 'me' in his person-centered therapy, emphasizing self-actualization and positive psychological functioning.
Identity refers to personal characteristics, social roles, and affiliations, while self-concept pertains to how individuals perceive themselves.
Carl Rogers introduced the concept of self-schema, an organized system of knowledge about oneself that evolves with experiences and influences perception.
Self-schema includes interests, work, age, physical characteristics, and other aspects that shape self-perception.
Examples of self-schema beliefs include personality traits, physical attributes, career aspirations, and personal preferences.
Self, identity, and self-concept are dynamic and evolve over time, influenced by past experiences, present circumstances, and future aspirations.
Self-schema guides how individuals think, feel, and behave in various settings or situations.
Sigmund Freud's Iceberg Model of the Mind illustrates the conscious ego, unconscious id, and moral superego.
The id represents primal instincts and operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.
The ego balances the id's demands with reality, following the reality principle to navigate social norms and consequences.
The superego integrates societal values and morals, motivating socially responsible behavior through rewards and punishments.
Freud's theory emphasizes the interplay between these three components in shaping personality and behavior.
Symbolic interactionism, associated with George Herbert Mead and Max Weber, views society as constructed through shared symbols and meanings.
According to Mead, the self is developed through social interactions and influenced by societal norms and values.
The theory highlights the social nature of identity formation and the importance of interpersonal relationships in shaping self-perception.
Society plays a significant role in shaping individual identity and self-concept through language and shared symbols.
Self and identity are products of social interactions and historical contexts.
Social comparison theory suggests that individuals learn about themselves by comparing their attributes with others.
Downward social comparison involves comparing oneself with those perceived as less fortunate to boost self-esteem.
Upward social comparison entails comparing oneself with those considered better off, which can motivate or lead to lower self-esteem.
Social relationships and group activities influence self-esteem by providing reference points for self-evaluation.
Excessive social comparison can lead to negative self-perception and impact self-esteem.
Self-awareness involves seeing oneself objectively through reflection and introspection.
Private self refers to internal standards and personal thoughts, while public self pertains to the external image presented to others.
Self-awareness can be positive or negative, influencing behavior and decision-making.
Understanding the actual self, ideal self, and ought self helps individuals navigate self-perception and personal growth.
Self-awareness aids in avoiding risky behaviors and promoting self-improvement.
Self-esteem reflects an individual's positive or negative evaluation of themselves, influenced by social comparisons and self-awareness.
High self-esteem correlates with positive outcomes but does not solely determine a healthy perspective of oneself.
Social comparison can affect self-esteem, with downward comparisons boosting self-esteem and upward comparisons potentially lowering it.
Excessive comparison can lead to negative self-perception and hinder personal growth.
Self-awareness and self-reflection are essential for personal development and maintaining a balanced self-concept.
The self is defined as the sense of personal identity and individuality, as described by William James in 1890.
William James conceptualized the self as having two aspects: the 'I' and the 'me'.
The 'I' represents the thinking, acting, and feeling self, while the 'me' encompasses physical and psychological characteristics that define an individual.
Carl Rogers also used the terms 'I' and 'me' in his person-centered therapy, emphasizing self-actualization and positive psychological functioning.
Identity refers to personal characteristics, social roles, and affiliations, while self-concept pertains to how individuals perceive themselves.
Carl Rogers introduced the concept of self-schema, an organized system of knowledge about oneself that evolves with experiences and influences perception.
Self-schema includes interests, work, age, physical characteristics, and other aspects that shape self-perception.
Examples of self-schema beliefs include personality traits, physical attributes, career aspirations, and personal preferences.
Self, identity, and self-concept are dynamic and evolve over time, influenced by past experiences, present circumstances, and future aspirations.
Self-schema guides how individuals think, feel, and behave in various settings or situations.
Sigmund Freud's Iceberg Model of the Mind illustrates the conscious ego, unconscious id, and moral superego.
The id represents primal instincts and operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.
The ego balances the id's demands with reality, following the reality principle to navigate social norms and consequences.
The superego integrates societal values and morals, motivating socially responsible behavior through rewards and punishments.
Freud's theory emphasizes the interplay between these three components in shaping personality and behavior.
Symbolic interactionism, associated with George Herbert Mead and Max Weber, views society as constructed through shared symbols and meanings.
According to Mead, the self is developed through social interactions and influenced by societal norms and values.
The theory highlights the social nature of identity formation and the importance of interpersonal relationships in shaping self-perception.
Society plays a significant role in shaping individual identity and self-concept through language and shared symbols.
Self and identity are products of social interactions and historical contexts.
Social comparison theory suggests that individuals learn about themselves by comparing their attributes with others.
Downward social comparison involves comparing oneself with those perceived as less fortunate to boost self-esteem.
Upward social comparison entails comparing oneself with those considered better off, which can motivate or lead to lower self-esteem.
Social relationships and group activities influence self-esteem by providing reference points for self-evaluation.
Excessive social comparison can lead to negative self-perception and impact self-esteem.
Self-awareness involves seeing oneself objectively through reflection and introspection.
Private self refers to internal standards and personal thoughts, while public self pertains to the external image presented to others.
Self-awareness can be positive or negative, influencing behavior and decision-making.
Understanding the actual self, ideal self, and ought self helps individuals navigate self-perception and personal growth.
Self-awareness aids in avoiding risky behaviors and promoting self-improvement.
Self-esteem reflects an individual's positive or negative evaluation of themselves, influenced by social comparisons and self-awareness.
High self-esteem correlates with positive outcomes but does not solely determine a healthy perspective of oneself.
Social comparison can affect self-esteem, with downward comparisons boosting self-esteem and upward comparisons potentially lowering it.
Excessive comparison can lead to negative self-perception and hinder personal growth.
Self-awareness and self-reflection are essential for personal development and maintaining a balanced self-concept.
