Period 1 apush

Apush Period 1 1491-1607

Pre-Columbian civilization

• 10,000 bc group of people who decided to leave asia across bering strait land bridge into Alaska

  • Seeking for food (mammoth) it was their source of clothing, source of tent

• They come to North america and spread out

• 1491 native americans there was 100 million people in north and south america

• Climate, terrain, geography affects how they look like

• Different waves of nomadic people came into the Americas at different times and settled in different areas.

Indigenous people (eastern woodlands)

• Everything Atlantic to the mississippi and border with canada down to gulf of mexico

• Tons of forest, rivers and lakes (places to fish and to travel, drink out of it)

• Not nomadic (stays in one place) they build villages that are permanent housing, they claim areas for their tribe 

• They don’t treat it as they own it, they live by the grace of the gods and protect it

• They farm named the three sisters method, allows for the soil to regonatie (corn, beans, and squash), they hunt deer, rabbits, squirrels, they had tobacco like the at

• Eroquio and wampanoag, powtoon, 

• For females they are expected to stay and their husbands come to them

  • They didn’t marry different tribes 

• They worshiped animals, the sun, weather, they worshiped things they believed kept them alive 

• Key groups: poverty point, Louisiana 

  • Over 10,000 people 

  • Focus was trade using mississippi 

• Hopewell, Ohio 

  • Created very complex burial mounds

• Cahokia, Saint louis

  • Largest native American society

  • Over 30,000 people lived in one community

  • Civilization was very structured 

• Iroquois confederacy, New york

  • Combination of 5 tribes 

  • Largest political and military endity 

  • Had success against the Europeans because they united 

Indigenous people of the Great Plains

• Rocky mountains 

• Nomadic (they are following the buffalo)

• They used TP’s not many permanent villages

• Tribes: 

Great Basin

• West of the rockies but in the middle (colorado, Utah)

• They stay permanent

• Desert area, they survive of pinon nuts, seeds, berries, rabbits 

• Straw houses

• Ute and Sushonion

Southwest

• New mexico, Arizona

• Desert and rocky terrain (dry)

• Native Americans who settle there learn to mold the climate 

• First people to use irrigation canals for farming (maize, corn)

• Building homes into the rocks itself because it was cool inside 

• Permanent towns, some in the cave rocks, apartment style architecture

• Famous groups of native americans:

• Hohokam, Arizona 

  • First builders and create these very intricate homes

• AnaSazi, Southwest

  • Most powerful 

  • Very large

• Pueblo, both

  • Ancestors of the other groups

  • Created kives

  • Underground religious structures

California

• Own tribal system 

• More moderate climate 

• Food source: nuts and berries 

  • Ocean (fish)

  • Villages are small

• Main tribe in california: purse

Northwest coast, oregon, washington, and alaska

• Moderate climate

• Rain a lot, lush forest, mountains

• Lots of rivers 

• Food source: Salmon 

• Not nomadic, they are stationary 

• Canoes, totem poles, 

• Used cedar trees

• Tribes: makah, cinoak

New world Exploration

• Coloumbis sent by isabella to go explore 

• Landed in the caribbean 

• Exploring for gold, god and glory

• He starts to find gold, so more explorers come

• Cortez from spain discoveries the aztecs in Mexico 

• Pizzaro from peru discovered the incas 

Spanish Colonization

• Ships with dudes, with a priest 

• Encomienda system: created by the spanish, and the crown grants to certain spanish people both the land and the natives living in the land 

• System of culture and work, not a caste system, a labor functional system 

• Top pyramid 

  • Penin salaries

    • Born in spain 

  • The creoles born in the colonies to spanish parents 

  • Mestizos, native and spanish 

  • Mulattoes, african and spanish equal as Mestizos

  • Bottom is people who are native american 100 percent and african 100 percent 

• Smallpox: kills tons of people

• Import africans who can stand the small pox (a million africans)

• Beginnings of Slavery in the Americas 

  • Chattel slavery: The ownership of humans who can be bought and sold as property with no rights, they are not seen as human they are seen as property

    • There is no molarity in what they did to them

  • Slavery in perpetuity: the status of a slave is inherited from the mother, if your mother was a slave so were you

    • No escaping your bloodline