Unit 1 in ANAT lab

Objective 1: Anatomical Position and Body Regions

• Anatomical Position

  • Standing or lying face-up.

  • Face, palms, and feet oriented forward.

  • Thumbs positioned to the side.

  • Longitudinal midline axis (LMA) aligns up and down.

  • Exhibits bilateral symmetry, meaning surface features mirror on both sides.

  • Clinical Application: Common position for documenting patient information. Always note the patient's left/right sides from their perspective.

Objective 1: Body Cavities and Organs

• Dorsal Body Cavity

  • Cranial Subdivision:

    • Contains brain and pituitary gland.

  • Vertebral (Spinal) Subdivision:

    • Contains spinal cord.

• Ventral Body Cavity

  • Thoracic Cavity:

    • Right Pleural: Right lung.

    • Mediastinum: Pericardial cavity (heart); also houses trachea and esophagus.

    • Left Pleural: Left lung.

  • Abdominopelvic Cavity:

    • Abdominal Subdivision:

      • Peritoneal cavity contains most digestive organs (stomach, small/large intestine, gallbladder, liver, and spleen).

      • Retroperitoneal includes large vessels, kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, and pancreas.

    • Pelvic Cavity:

      • Rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, uterus, ovaries, reproductive ducts and glands.

Objective 1: Subdividing the Abdominopelvic Cavity

• Two Methods of Subdivision:

  • Quadrants:

    • Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

    • Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

    • Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

    • Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

  • Nine Regions:

    • Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left Hypochondriac

    • Right Lumbar, Umbilical, Left Lumbar

    • Right Iliac/Inguinal, Hypogastric/Pubic, Left Iliac/Inguinal

Objective 1: Planes of Dissection/Orientation

• Types of Planes:

  • Sagittal: Divides right and left sides.

  • Mid-sagittal/Median: Divides body into equal right and left.

  • Frontal/Coronal: Separates anterior (front) and posterior (back).

  • Transverse: Separates superior (top) and inferior (bottom).

  • Oblique: Diagonal plane.

Objective 1: Regional Surface Terms

• Key regional terms and their definitions:

  • Cephalic: Head

  • Cervical: Neck

  • Thoracic: Chest

  • Abdominal: Abdomen

  • Pelvic: Pelvis

  • Femoral: Thigh

  • Cranial: Skull

  • Digital/Phalangeal: Fingers

  • Additional terms: Pollex (thumb), Hallux (big toe), Sural (calf), etc.

Objective 1: Directional Terms

• Directional Terms Defined:

  • Anterior: Front

  • Posterior: Back

  • Medial: Closer to midline

  • Lateral: Farther from midline

  • Proximal: Closer to torso

  • Distal: Further from torso

  • Superior: Above or higher

  • Inferior: Below or lower

  • Superficial: Near surface

  • Deep: Further from surface

Objective 1: Practice Questions

• Identify structures in body cavities:

  • Cranial: Brain

  • Thoracic: Heart, lungs

  • Abdominal: Stomach, intestines

  • Pelvic: Bladder, reproductive organs

Objective 2: Metric System

• Understand how to:

  • Perform metric-metric and metric-Imperial conversions.

  • Recognize metric units (meter, gram, liter,°C).

  • Use metric prefixes: kilo (1000), centi (0.01), milli (0.001), micro (0.000001).

• Base Units Defined:

  • Distance: Meter (m)

  • Mass: Gram (g)

  • Volume: Liter (L)

Objective 2: Conversion Examples

• Converting larger to smaller units increases the number:

  • e.g., 23 m = 23,000 mm

• Converting smaller to larger units decreases the number:

  • e.g., 500 g = 0.5 kg

Objective 2: Additional Conversions

• Temperature Conversion Formulas:

  • °C = (°F - 32) x 0.5556

  • °F = (°C x 1.8) + 32

Objective 2: Length Conversions

• Conversions:

  • 1 inch = 2.54 cm.

  • Examples of height conversion calculations provided.

Objective 2: Mass/Weight Conversions

• Conversion Factor:

  • 2.2 lbs = 1 kg.

  • Example: 70 kg = 154 lbs when converted to pounds.