WHAP midterms

Hipp:

H- Historial situation (what happened when this source was created? What events/issues shaped or affected the source?)

I- Intended audience (who did the author create the source for? Who did they want to see it?)

P- Point of view (who created this source? How did their experiences shape or affect the source?)

P- Purpose (Why was this source created? What was the author’s goal?)

Questions will be like what is the H in this paragraph

Trade Routes include

• Silk road

• Trans-Saharan

• Indian ocean trade 

Silk Road Trade- CAMELS AND HORSES

• Silk

• Precious metals like gold and silver

• Paper

• Gunpowder

• Spices

• Humans

• They also traded ideas like cultures, religions, art, philosophy, science, dance, music, and theater

Indian Ocean trade- USED SAILS AND BOATS

• Spices cinnamon cloves nutmeg

• Silk

• Textiles from India

• Porcelain from china

• Gold 

• Ivory

Trans-Saharan trade- USED CAMEL TO TRADE

• Gold from West Africa in exchange for salt in North Africa

• Ivory

• Slaves

• Textiles

• Spices

• Kola nuts

• slaves

The Silk Road trade route is through the Asian continents

Maritime Silk Road routes (BASICALLY INDIAN OCEAN TRADE)- a network of shipping routes connects ports across Asia, Africa, and Europe

Technology for different trades

• A magnetic compass was used for all

• Lateen sails were used for the Indian Ocean trade

• Caravanserai- stops along the major trade routes like Silk Road 

• Improved camel saddles for Silk Road and trans-saharan trade

• Knowledge of the monsoon winds for the Indian Ocean trade

Cathay= what the Europeans called China

Mosk- Building or place of worship for Muslims and Islams.

What lead to the split between Sunni and Shi’a museums 

• Dispute over who should succeed  the prophet Muhammad as the leader of the Islamic community after his death

Black Death- a severe epidemic of the bubonic plague that occurred in Europe and Asia in the 14th century. 

How did the black death affect the economy- All trade with London and other plague towns stopped which means that there was little to no trade with other countries causing many people to lose their jobs.

Lots of documents on the test

Mongol culture

• Nomadic lifestyle

• Traditional arts

• Unique customs

• Deep roots of Buddhism, shamanism, and animism

• Gender relations in Mongols were close to equal 

Importance of the horse in Mongolian culture they were used for hunting they were the most mobile and irreplaceable equipment for the military almost every family had a horse

Prosyltize= getting someone to join your region 

Pax mongolica= peace in mongolia

The feudal system is fragmented 

Feudalism is the level of stature

The manorialism system is people feeding themselves or locals

CE = common era

13th  century (1200-1299)

Kingdom based on Andes Mountains- inca

Andes mountains in Peru

Maya was fragmented

Inca and Aztecs were unified

All in South or Central America

None were in North America because of the weather patterns (they were fragmented) environmental and climatic variations 

Crusades were religious wars between Christianity and Muslims

crusades= how did they change the Middle East and Europe 

They did this by diffusion of ideas and technology

One country the Mongols tried to capture but failed: japan

Because it was an island and different monsoons came and destroyed their boats which they considered god protecting Japan

The Silk Road goes across Eurasia it will say paper trail but it is the Silk

Gunpowder Empires

• Ottoman - Sunni Muslim

• Mughal - Sunni Muslim

• Safavid - Shi’a Muslim 

• Silk Road goes through all of them

  • All of the empires become wealthy through trade

  • All of the empires learn new religious ideas through this route

  • (KNOW WHERE THESE EMPIRES ARE LOCATED ON A MAP)

• Gunpowder allows these empires to have better weapons

• Know the difference between Sunni and Shi’a Muslim 

  • They split because of the disagreement about who would be the prophet

Europe

• Renaissance - art

• Reformation - religion

• Science Revolution - science

  • Heliocentric theory - the Sun is the center of the universe and not the Earth

    • People used to think the Earth was the center of the universe

  • Isaac Newton, Galileo, Copernicus (Research them) 

  • All science is built on an earlier discovery

• Enlightenment - political and government

• (KNOW HOW THESE FOUR EVENTS ARE RELATED)

• Columbian Exchange - New World

  • Understand Portugal and Spain’s feud and their relationship and the New World.

    • They become super rich during this time

  • Christopher thinks that the “New World” is India when he writes about it

    • He was under a lot of pressure because he owed gold to the King and Queen of Spain

• Humanism

• Catholicism

• People thought the Black Death was a punishment from God. 

  • If you survive the Black Death then your work is more valuable.

  • People move into the cities during this. It was from the rat fleas

  • Black Death destroys the feudal system

    • Serfs, Knights, Vassals, Kings

The chart on the test shows the caste system - Study caste system.

• Papist - Roman Catholic (If something is papist it is regarding the catholic church)

• Cartography - Map-Making

  • Knowledge of cartography was increasing

• Meritocracy - Government leader based on how skillful a person is. (Civil Service Exam determines your merit for the meritocracy). 

• Charter - Founding document 

• Chattel Slavery - When you are born into slavery. 

• Printing Press - allowed for ideas to spread quickly

• Cossacks - Groups of tribes living in Central Europe and assimilating into Russia. Russia uses them as explorers. Skilled warriors.

• Indulgence - Things are given to people so they can lessen their jail time. 

• Disseminating - Spreading something 

• Suppression - Concealing something

• Hierarchy - Power Structure

• Nationalism - Desire to have your own country

• Stirrup - Where you put your feet when on a horse

• Confucianism - Patriarchal way of thinking, structured. 

• Cathay - What Europeans call China

• Grand Canal - a Man-made canal that helped the Chinese trade through the water. 

• Paper Money - Comes from China

• Africans went to Brazil to grow sugar - the death rate was high

• Peter the Great and Russian Reforms (study). 

• Zheng He - Chinese. Works for the Ming Dynasty. He travels to Africa and brings back a giraffe to China. 

• Islamic Art - Depicts animals and figures

• Crusades - Big military expeditions, after it, knowledge is spread. 

• Three-Field-System - Rotating crops through each field. 

• Religious leaders have more power at first but then secular leaders start to have power. 

• Mongols were very tolerant. 

  • Protect the trade routes.

  • Increase in trade

  • Women were pretty much equal

• Genghis Khan united the Mongols. 

• Kublai Khan conquered the Yuan Dynasty 

Japan

• On Paper, the ruler is the emperor, but it is the Shogun. 

• The Tokugawa family takes over Japan and isolates it, no more Western Trade. 

• Daimyo - noblemen, land owners. 

  • Trying to consolidate power

• Mongols couldn’t conquer Japan because of the water.

Hoffmans review

Russia

• Just broke loose from the Mongols

• 4 czars bring Russia into our period

• Peter introduces Westernization to Russia

• Using Russian Europe to make it more advances

• Saint Peters Berg- got warm water port

• All czars used cossacks- Russian pioneersContactss helps the czar spread their control and culture.

Gunpowder empires

• Also known as land-based empires

• Using guns helped them spread control and territory

• Ottomans are involved in the trade routes as well 

• OOttomans were kind of in the center of the world in their time which helped them be more dominant.

• If they areSunnii then they are very tolerate of other religion

• Safavid or Shia are not you have to be Shia Muslims

• Mughal had a large Hindu population but the ruler was Muslim

• Mughals have a very diverse empire

• Akbar ruler of the Mughal is very tolerant but he does not break from Islam himself.

• Gunpowder empires had a meritocracy in the military

• Gunpowder in the east

China

• Ming dynasty

• Zheng,wents around the world and came back with a lot of knowledge he returned when China was in the Qing dynasty with isolation.

• China fail a golden opportunity to follow up with Zheng.

Japan

• Also in isolation and go to Coles country policy

• Shogun is making all the political decisions

• Agriculture is their main income

• Renaissance kicked offbecausee of the Crusades

• Printing press increases literacy rates

• Martin Luther wrote 95 theses on the printing press

• All this caused a reformation

• Before there were only 2 types ofChristianityy after there were 12Copernicuss has the heliocentric they (can also be called the Copernicus theory)

• Copernicus made other scientists curious

Exploration

• Exploration kicks off 

• Would not have happened if it weren't for museums (compasses ext)

• Portugal was the first to go east and thenColumbuss went west

• EUropeans followed both and started global trade 

• Rise of a merchant elite class

• Merchants make a lot more money

Columbia exchange

• Sharing food plants animals and diseases

• Better nutrition

• Colonization because of finding the new world

• The disease kills the majority of the native American

• Missionary come over most of them are sSpanishSpain is catholic

• Latin America is all catholic

• Catholicism spread around the world

• Native Americans slaves

• Slaves were dying 

• Native American they knew the land better

• Startsthe  Atlantic slave trade

• Brings more guns and violence into Africa

• Both religion wantslavese (museum and Christians)

• Brazi land carribian island will import the most slaves

• Use them to make sugar crops

• They shipped men only 

• NorthAmericaa shipped men and woman

• Babys were made from this 

• Created a big population increase

• High mortality rates in brazil