AP Psychology Topic 1.2 - Overview of the Nervous System
EQ: What are the different parts of the nervous system and what are their respective functions?
I. Subsystems of the Human Nervous System - The human nervous system is divided into two main subsystems.
The Central Nervous System - The brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing information and coordinating actions throughout the body.
The Peripheral Nervous System - A network of nerves that connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, facilitating communication between the brain and limbs as well as internal organs.
II. Two Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System - A division of the autonomic nervous system that triggers the body's fight-or-flight response, preparing the body for stressful situations by increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and releasing adrenaline.
Parasympathetic Nervous System - A division of the autonomic nervous system that promotes the 'rest-and-digest' response, helping to conserve energy by slowing the heart rate, increasing intestinal activity, and relaxing sphincter muscles.
III. Key Terms
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - The part of your nervous system that controls automatic body functions, like your heartbeat, breathing, and digestion—things you don’t have to think about.
Brain - The control center of your body that processes information, makes decisions, and controls behavior and body functions.
Central Nervous System (CNS) - Made up of the brain and spinal cord; it’s the main control center for the body and mind.
Parasympathetic Nervous System - The part of the ANS that calms your body down after stress (like slowing your heart rate and helping you digest food).
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - All the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; it connects the CNS to the rest of your body.
Somatic Nervous System - The part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements (like moving your arms or legs).
Spinal Cord - A bundle of nerves inside your spine that carries messages between your brain and body.
Sympathetic Nervous System - The part of the ANS that gets your body ready to deal with danger or stress—your “fight or flight” response.
Notes based on AMSCO Advanced Placement Edition Psychology - Third Edition by Brandt and Hamilton