Based on the content provided, here's a bulleted summary excluding historical interpretations:

### Causes of the 1905 Revolution

- Industrialization and Economic Dependency: Russian economy reliant on agriculture and resource exports, benefiting the bourgeoisie more than the populace.

- Defeat in the Crimean War: Highlighted the need for economic advancement.

- Sergei Witte’s Reforms: Rapid industrialization, railway upgrades, and economic stabilization, but unequipped cities and dependence on foreign investment.

### Russo-Japanese Wars

- Triggered by Nicholas II: Overconfident approach, poorly trained army, leading to defeat and loss of morale.

- Resulted in Discrediting the Tsar: Economic decline due to military spending and increased unrest.

### Bloody Sunday

- Protest outside the Winter Palace: Imperial guards fired upon unarmed, peaceful protestors.

- Triggered Strikes and Unrest: The Tsar's image transformed from 'Little Father' to 'Bloody Nicholas'.

### October Manifesto

- Response to Strikes: Tsar's attempt to appease workers' demands, granting civil liberties and creating the Duma.

- Limited Impact: Seen as promises rather than genuine reform due to the Tsar's reluctance.

### The Duma Years

- Electoral Laws: Restricted voting rights, excluding the majority of the population.

- Stolypin's Policies: Aimed to strengthen autocracy, suppressed opposition through force.

### Russia in WWI

- War Impact: Poorly equipped army, economic strain, political dissent, and loss of faith in the Tsarist regime.

- Leadership Failures: Incompetent generals, poor military decisions, and economic turmoil.

### The February Revolution

- Key Events: Strikes, protests, and military mutiny leading to the abdication of the Tsar.

- Formation of Dual Power: Provisional Government vs. Petrograd Soviet.

### Dual Authority

- Provisional Government: Fragile control, introduced reforms but lacked public endorsement.

- Petrograd Soviet: Gained influence, issued orders undermining the authority of the Provisional Government.

### The July Days and Kornilov Affair

- July Days: Anti-war protests, temporary loss of support for Bolsheviks.

- Kornilov Affair: Failed coup attempt, humiliation for the Provisional Government, bolstered Bolshevik reputation.

### The October Revolution

- Takeover by Bolsheviks: Overthrow of the Provisional Government and establishment of the Soviet Government by Lenin.

This summary covers the major events and factors leading to the revolutions in Russia, excluding historical interpretations.

Certainly, here are the historical interpretations extracted from the provided notes:

### Historical Interpretations

#### Regarding the 1905 Revolution

- "Although the regime succeeded in restraining order…1905 changed society for good" - Orlando Figes

- "The events of 1905 were a prologue" - Leon Trotsky

- "The 1905 revolution had destroyed the people’s loyalty to their ‘little father’ the Tsar" - Stephen Smith

#### About the October Manifesto

- "Whether or not you see the October Manifesto as a genuine policy of conciliation, or an attempt to ‘buy off’ the revolutionary movement, it served to split the opposition" - David Welch

#### Perspectives on the Duma Years

- "The regime used the manifesto as a temporary concession…[and] it had always intended to return to its old autocratic ways once the danger had passed" - Orlando Figes

- "Neither the violence 1905 nor the reforms of Stolypin had solved anything…another revolution was a distinct possibility" - Richard Pipes

#### Interpretations of Russia in WWI

- "The Tsarist regime’s downfall was inevitable, but its own stupidity made it so." - Orlando Figes

#### Views on the Tsarina and Rasputin

- "Rasputin could help the little people because the important people he had helped owed him favors. ‘I can do anything’ he said, and because he could get results so often, he was believed." - Tedd Gottfried

#### About the February Revolution

- "Neither the socialist parties in the new Petrograd Soviet, nor the liberals in the Duma’s provisional committee anticipated that the February 23rd strike would snowball into revolution" - Michael C. Hickey

- "The immediate cause of the [February] Revolution of 1917 would be the collapse of Russia’s fragile political and economic structures under the strains of war" - Richard Pipes

- "The February Revolution was caused by [the] spontaneous upsurge of the politically radicalized masses" - Alan Wood

- "The demonstrations…did not in themselves cause the revolution. It was the defection of the Tsar’s supporters…that brought about the fall [of the autocracy]" - Michael Lynch

#### Perspectives on the October Revolution

- "October…was a classic coup d'état rather than a popular revolution…the Bolshevik’s victory was attributed not to their popular support but to their superior organization and greater ruthlessness" - Richard Pipes

- "The workers had very concrete needs and expectations that the provisional government failed to meet" - Steve Smith

- "Almost nothing was planned and what did happen was accidental. The Bolsheviks did not seize power in one bold clandestine move; they blundered into power, divided and fighting against each other. And until the final moments, Lenin had only an occasional role in what had happened." - Harrison Salisbury

These historical interpretations provide various perspectives and analyses of the events leading to and during the revolutions in Russia.