Chp 33
Anaphylaxis: life-threatening allergic response that can result in and death
Antipyretics: drugs that lower body temp
cyclooxygenase (COX): key enzyme in biosynthesis of prostaglandins
Histamine: chemical released by mast cells in response to an antigen that causes dilation of blood vessels, bronchoconstriction, tissue swelling, and itching
Inflammation: nonspecific body define that occurs in response to an injury or antigen
Prostaglandins: class of local hormones that promote local inflammation and pain when released by cells in the body
Salicylates: aspirin-like substance
Salicylism: poisoning due to aspirin and aspirin-like drugs
Chp 35
Acquired resistance: capacity of a microbe to no longer be affected by drug following anti-infective pharmacotherapy
Aerobic: pertaining to an oxygen environment
Anaerobic: pertaining to an an environment w/out oxygen
Antibiotic: substance produced by microorganism that inhibits or kills other microorganisms
Anti-infective: general term for any medication that is effective against pathogens
Bactericidal: substance that kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic: substance that inhibits (slows) growth of bacteria
Beta-lactamase: enzyme present in certain bacteria that is able to inactivate many penicillins and some cephalosporins
Beta-lactam ring: chemical structure found in most penicillins and some cephalosporins
broad-spectrum antibiotic: anti-infective that is effective against many different gram+ and gram- organisms- greater broad spectrum, greater adverse effect
Culture and sensitivity testing (C&S): laboratory exam used to identify bacteria and to determine which antibiotic is most effective
Gram-negative bacteria: bacteria that do not retain purple stain b/c they have an outer envelope
Gram-positive bacteria: bacteria that stain purple b/c they have no outer envelope
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs): infections acquired by exposure to microbes in healthcare setting
Host flora: normal microorganism found in or on a patient
Invasiveness: ability of a microbe to grow rapidly and cause direct damage to host tissues
Mutations: permanent, inheritable changes to DNA
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic: anti-infective that is effective against only one or a small number of organisms
Pathogenicity: ability of an organism to cause disease in humans
Pathogens: organism that is capable of causing disease
Penicillinase: enzyme present in certain bacteria that is able to inactivate many penicillins and some cephalosporins
Penicillin-binding protein: enzyme used by bacteria to build cell walls
red man syndrome: rash in the upper body
Superinfections: new infection caused by an organism different from the one causing the initial infection; usually side effect of anti-infective therapy
Urinary antiseptics: drugs used to treat bladder infections they sterilize the urine
Virulence: severity of disease that a pathogen is able to cause
Chapter 40 Terms:
Aerosol: suspension of minute liquid droplets or fine solid particles in a gas
Asthma: chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized by airway obstruction
Bronchospasm: rapid constriction of airway
chronic bronchitis: recurrent disease of lungs characterized by excess mucus production, inflammation, and coughing
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): describes several pulmonary conditions characterized by cough, mucus production, and impaired gas exchange
dry powder inhaler (DPI): device used to convert solid drug to a fine powder for the purpose of inhalation
Emphysema: terminal lung disease characterized by permanent dilation of the alveoli
Leukotrienes: chemical mediator of inflammation stored and release by mast cells; effects are similar to those of histamine
metered-dose inhaler (MDI): most common type of device used to deliver precise amount of drug to the respiratory system
Methylxanthines: chemical derivative of caffeine
Nebulizer: device used to convert liquid drugs into a fine mist for the purpose of inhalation
Perfusion: blood flow through the lungs
status asthmaticus: rapid, repeated asthma attacks that are life-threatening
Ventilation: process of moving air into and out of lungs