Exam 4 terms Pharm

Chp 33

  • Anaphylaxis: life-threatening allergic response that can result in and death

  • Antipyretics: drugs that lower body temp

  • cyclooxygenase (COX): key enzyme in biosynthesis of prostaglandins

  • Histamine: chemical released by mast cells in response to an antigen that causes dilation of blood vessels, bronchoconstriction, tissue swelling, and itching 

  • Inflammation: nonspecific body define that occurs in response to an injury or antigen 

  • Prostaglandins: class of local hormones that promote local inflammation and pain when released by cells in the body

  • Salicylates: aspirin-like substance

  • Salicylism: poisoning due to aspirin and aspirin-like drugs



Chp 35

  • Acquired resistance: capacity of a microbe to no longer be affected by drug following anti-infective pharmacotherapy 

  • Aerobic: pertaining to an oxygen environment 

  • Anaerobic: pertaining to an an environment w/out oxygen 

  • Antibiotic: substance produced by microorganism that inhibits or kills other microorganisms 

  • Anti-infective: general term for any medication that is effective against pathogens 

  • Bactericidal: substance that kills bacteria 

  • Bacteriostatic: substance that inhibits (slows)  growth of bacteria

  • Beta-lactamase: enzyme present in certain bacteria that is able to inactivate many penicillins and some cephalosporins 

  • Beta-lactam ring: chemical structure found in most penicillins and some cephalosporins 

  • broad-spectrum antibiotic: anti-infective that is effective against many different gram+ and gram- organisms- greater broad spectrum, greater adverse effect

  • Culture and sensitivity testing (C&S): laboratory exam used to identify bacteria and to determine which antibiotic is most effective 

  • Gram-negative bacteria: bacteria that do not retain purple stain b/c they have an outer envelope 

  • Gram-positive bacteria: bacteria that stain purple b/c they have no outer envelope 

  • Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs): infections acquired by exposure to microbes in healthcare setting

  • Host flora: normal microorganism found in or on a patient 

  • Invasiveness: ability of a microbe to grow rapidly and cause direct damage to host tissues 

  • Mutations: permanent, inheritable changes to DNA 

  • Narrow-spectrum antibiotic: anti-infective that is effective against only one or a small number of organisms 

  • Pathogenicity: ability of an organism to cause disease in humans 

  • Pathogens: organism that is capable of causing disease 

  • Penicillinase: enzyme present in certain bacteria that is able to inactivate many penicillins and some cephalosporins 

  • Penicillin-binding protein: enzyme used by bacteria to build cell walls 

  • red man syndrome: rash in the upper body 

  • Superinfections: new infection caused by an organism different from the one causing the initial infection; usually side effect of anti-infective therapy 

  • Urinary antiseptics: drugs used to treat bladder infections they sterilize the urine 

  • Virulence: severity of disease that a pathogen is able to cause 


Chapter 40 Terms: 

  • Aerosol: suspension of minute liquid droplets or fine solid particles in a gas 

  • Asthma: chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized by airway obstruction

  • Bronchospasm: rapid constriction of airway

  • chronic bronchitis: recurrent disease of lungs characterized by excess mucus production, inflammation, and coughing 

  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): describes several pulmonary conditions characterized by cough, mucus production, and impaired gas exchange 

  • dry powder inhaler (DPI): device used to convert solid drug to a fine powder for the purpose of inhalation

  • Emphysema: terminal lung disease characterized by permanent dilation of the alveoli

  • Leukotrienes: chemical mediator of inflammation stored and release by mast cells; effects are similar to those of histamine

  • metered-dose inhaler (MDI): most common type of device used to deliver precise amount of drug to the respiratory system 

  • Methylxanthines: chemical derivative of caffeine 

  • Nebulizer: device used to convert liquid drugs into a fine mist for the purpose of inhalation

  • Perfusion: blood flow through the lungs 

  • status asthmaticus: rapid, repeated asthma attacks that are life-threatening 

Ventilation: process of moving air into and out of lungs

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