Exam 4 terms Pharm

Chp 33

• Anaphylaxis: life-threatening allergic response that can result in and death

• Antipyretics: drugs that lower body temp

• cyclooxygenase (COX): key enzyme in biosynthesis of prostaglandins

• Histamine: chemical released by mast cells in response to an antigen that causes dilation of blood vessels, bronchoconstriction, tissue swelling, and itching 

• Inflammation: nonspecific body define that occurs in response to an injury or antigen 

• Prostaglandins: class of local hormones that promote local inflammation and pain when released by cells in the body

• Salicylates: aspirin-like substance

• Salicylism: poisoning due to aspirin and aspirin-like drugs

Chp 35

• Acquired resistance: capacity of a microbe to no longer be affected by drug following anti-infective pharmacotherapy 

• Aerobic: pertaining to an oxygen environment 

• Anaerobic: pertaining to an an environment w/out oxygen 

• Antibiotic: substance produced by microorganism that inhibits or kills other microorganisms 

• Anti-infective: general term for any medication that is effective against pathogens 

• Bactericidal: substance that kills bacteria 

• Bacteriostatic: substance that inhibits (slows)  growth of bacteria

• Beta-lactamase: enzyme present in certain bacteria that is able to inactivate many penicillins and some cephalosporins 

• Beta-lactam ring: chemical structure found in most penicillins and some cephalosporins 

• broad-spectrum antibiotic: anti-infective that is effective against many different gram+ and gram- organisms- greater broad spectrum, greater adverse effect

• Culture and sensitivity testing (C&S): laboratory exam used to identify bacteria and to determine which antibiotic is most effective 

• Gram-negative bacteria: bacteria that do not retain purple stain b/c they have an outer envelope 

• Gram-positive bacteria: bacteria that stain purple b/c they have no outer envelope 

• Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs): infections acquired by exposure to microbes in healthcare setting

• Host flora: normal microorganism found in or on a patient 

• Invasiveness: ability of a microbe to grow rapidly and cause direct damage to host tissues 

• Mutations: permanent, inheritable changes to DNA 

• Narrow-spectrum antibiotic: anti-infective that is effective against only one or a small number of organisms 

• Pathogenicity: ability of an organism to cause disease in humans 

• Pathogens: organism that is capable of causing disease 

• Penicillinase: enzyme present in certain bacteria that is able to inactivate many penicillins and some cephalosporins 

• Penicillin-binding protein: enzyme used by bacteria to build cell walls 

• red man syndrome: rash in the upper body 

• Superinfections: new infection caused by an organism different from the one causing the initial infection; usually side effect of anti-infective therapy 

• Urinary antiseptics: drugs used to treat bladder infections they sterilize the urine 

• Virulence: severity of disease that a pathogen is able to cause 

Chapter 40 Terms: 

• Aerosol: suspension of minute liquid droplets or fine solid particles in a gas 

• Asthma: chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized by airway obstruction

• Bronchospasm: rapid constriction of airway

• chronic bronchitis: recurrent disease of lungs characterized by excess mucus production, inflammation, and coughing 

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): describes several pulmonary conditions characterized by cough, mucus production, and impaired gas exchange 

• dry powder inhaler (DPI): device used to convert solid drug to a fine powder for the purpose of inhalation

• Emphysema: terminal lung disease characterized by permanent dilation of the alveoli

• Leukotrienes: chemical mediator of inflammation stored and release by mast cells; effects are similar to those of histamine

• metered-dose inhaler (MDI): most common type of device used to deliver precise amount of drug to the respiratory system 

• Methylxanthines: chemical derivative of caffeine 

• Nebulizer: device used to convert liquid drugs into a fine mist for the purpose of inhalation

• Perfusion: blood flow through the lungs 

• status asthmaticus: rapid, repeated asthma attacks that are life-threatening 

Ventilation: process of moving air into and out of lungs