Leadership exam

1. Autocratic Leadership (e.g., North Korea)

• Description: One person makes all decisions with little input from others.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Centralized control

  • Leader makes decisions unilaterally

  • Little or no feedback from team

  • Often rigid and hierarchical

2. Democratic Leadership (e.g., Canada)

• Description: Leader is elected, and members have a say in decision-making.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Encourages participation and collaboration

  • Leader listens to team members’ ideas

  • Decision-making is shared

  • Promotes trust and mutual respect

3. Laissez-faire Leadership (e.g., SLC Leadership Class)

• Description: Hands-off approach, letting team members make decisions.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Minimal leader interference

  • Team members are trusted to make decisions

  • High autonomy for the group

  • Can lead to lack of direction if mismanaged

4. Great Man Theory (19th Century)

• Description: Leaders are born with inherent traits, not developed through experience.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Leadership qualities are natural and innate

  • Leaders have traits like vision, confidence, charisma

  • Historically focused on male leaders

  • Emphasizes vision, intelligence, decisiveness, and resilience

5. Trait Approach

• Description: Leadership is based on certain personality traits.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Key traits: self-confidence, determination, integrity, sociability, intelligence

  • Leadership is influenced by personal characteristics

  • Traits should match the situation for effectiveness

  • Leaders are distinct from group members in personality

6. Situational Approach

• Description: Leadership style should adapt to different situations.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Leadership style changes based on the situation

  • Four styles: Directing (S1), Coaching (S2), Supporting (S3), Delegating (S4)

  • Focus on team competence and commitment levels

  • Flexible and adaptable leadership

7. Path-Goal Theory

• Description: Leaders motivate followers by clarifying goals and removing obstacles.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Four leadership styles: Directive, Supportive, Participative, Achievement-Oriented

  • Leaders guide the team toward success

  • Focus on clarifying tasks, providing support, and removing barriers

  • Tailors leadership to follower needs and task characteristics

8. Transformational Leadership

• Description: Leaders inspire and motivate followers to exceed expectations and create change.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Focuses on vision, ethics, and long-term goals

  • Inspires followers to achieve greater results

  • Emphasizes personal growth and development

  • Charismatic and emotionally intelligent

  • Motivates through passion and a compelling future vision

9. Leader-Member Exchange Theory

• Description: Focuses on the relationship between leader and each individual follower.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Creates unique, one-on-one relationships with each follower

  • In-group (close, trusted relationships) vs. out-group (more distant relationships)

  • High-quality exchanges lead to more support and resources

  • Low-quality exchanges lead to less involvement and performance

10. Contingency Theory

• Description: Leadership effectiveness depends on matching style to the situation.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Focuses on the relationship between leader style and situational factors

  • Styles: Task-Motivated and Relationship-Motivated

  • Success depends on leader-member relations, task structure, and position power

  • Leaders need to adjust their approach based on the context

11. Authentic Leadership

• Description: Focuses on being true to oneself and leading with transparency, honesty, and integrity.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Self-awareness and transparency

  • Leads with authenticity, building trust

  • Emphasizes moral and ethical behavior

  • Strong sense of values and purpose

  • Encourages open communication and feedback

12. Servant Leadership

• Description: The leader’s primary role is to serve others, putting the needs of the team ahead of their own.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Focuses on empowering and developing others

  • Prioritizes the well-being of team members

  • Humble, supportive, and collaborative

  • Leads by listening and understanding others’ needs

  • Emphasizes ethical decision-making and community-building

13. Ethical Leadership

• Description: Leaders prioritize doing the right thing, focusing on ethical behavior and moral standards.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Focuses on integrity, fairness, and ethical conduct

  • Encourages ethical decision-making among followers

  • Leads by example, setting high ethical standards

  • Promotes a culture of trust and accountability

  • Strong commitment to social responsibility