Frederick Griffith: Discovered the process of bacterial transformation using Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Oswald Avery: Showed that DNA is the substance responsible for transformation, not proteins.
Martha Hershey and Alfred Chase: Conducted the famous experiment with bacteriophages to demonstrate that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material.
Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins: Used X-ray crystallography to capture images of DNA, leading to the understanding of its double helix structure.
James Watson & Francis Crick: Proposed the double-helix model of DNA, integrating Franklin’s X-ray data.
Erwin Chargaff: Discovered that the amount of adenine equals thymine, and the amount of cytosine equals guanine in a DNA molecule (Chargaff’s rules).
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