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Untitled Flashcards Set
Module 20: Revolution and Nationalism
Lesson 1: Revolutions in Russia
Czar Nicholas II – The last emperor of Russia who was overthrown during the Russian Revolution.
March 1917 Revolution – A popular uprising that forced Czar Nicholas II to step down.
Soviets – Local councils of workers and soldiers that gained power after the czar’s fall.
Vladimir Lenin – Leader of the Bolsheviks who brought communism to Russia.
Bolshevik (November) Revolution – A 1917 revolution where Lenin's party took control of Russia.
Communist Party – The political party that ruled the Soviet Union based on Lenin’s and Marx’s ideas.
Karl Marx – A philosopher whose ideas inspired communism and influenced Lenin.
Lesson 2: Totalitarianism
8. Totalitarianism – A system where the government controls every aspect of public and private life.
9. Great Purge – Stalin’s campaign to eliminate enemies and critics in the Soviet Union.
10. Joseph Stalin – Soviet leader who turned the USSR into a totalitarian state.
11. Command economy – An economy where the government makes all economic decisions.
Lesson 3: Imperial China Collapses
12. Kuomintang – China’s Nationalist Party that wanted modernization and national unity.
13. Sun Yixian – The first great leader of the Kuomintang who wanted to create a democracy in China.
14. Mao Zedong – Communist leader who eventually took control of China after a long civil war.
Lesson 4: Nationalism in Southwest Asia
15. Ho Chi Minh – Vietnamese nationalist who later led the fight for independence from France and the U.S.
Module 20: A Worldwide Depression
Lesson 2: A Worldwide Depression
16. Weimar Republic – Germany’s democratic government after World War I, seen as weak.
17. Hyperinflation – A situation where prices rise rapidly and money loses its value, like in 1920s Germany.
18. Great Depression – A worldwide economic downturn during the 1930s, beginning with the U.S. stock market crash.
19. Isolationism – A policy of avoiding involvement in other countries’ affairs, especially wars.
20. Franklin D. Roosevelt – U.S. president during the Great Depression and most of World War II.
Lesson 3: Fascism Rises in Europe
21. Fascism – A political system based on nationalism, dictatorship, and control of society.
22. Benito Mussolini – Fascist leader of Italy who allied with Hitler.
23. Adolf Hitler – Nazi leader of Germany responsible for World War II and the Holocaust.
24. Mein Kampf – Hitler’s book outlining his beliefs and plans for Germany.
Lesson 4: Aggressors Invade Nations
25. Emperor Hirohito – Emperor of Japan during World War II.
26. Manchuria – Region of China invaded by Japan in 1931 for its resources.
27. Nanjing (1937) – Chinese city where Japanese soldiers committed mass killings and atrocities.
28. Haile Selassie – Emperor of Ethiopia who resisted Italian invasion.
29. Appeasement – Giving in to an aggressor to avoid conflict, used against Hitler before WWII.
30. Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis – Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan before and during WWII.
31. Francisco Franco – Fascist dictator of Spain who came to power after a civil war.
32. Third Reich – The Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945.
33. Munich Conference – A 1938 meeting where Britain and France gave Hitler part of Czechoslovakia to avoid war.
Module 22: World War II
Lesson 1: Hitler’s Lightning War
34. Nonaggression Pact – Agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union not to fight each other.
35. Blitzkrieg – “Lightning war” strategy using quick, powerful attacks by Germany.
36. Charles de Gaulle – Leader of Free France who resisted Nazi occupation.
37. Winston Churchill – British Prime Minister who led Britain through WWII.
38. Battle of Britain – Air battle where Britain successfully defended against German bombing.
39. Battle of El Alamein – A turning point battle in North Africa where Allied forces defeated Germany.
40. Operation Barbarossa – Hitler’s failed invasion of the Soviet Union.
41. Stalingrad Campaign – A brutal battle where the Soviet Union defeated Germany, marking a turning point.
42. Atlantic Charter – Agreement between the U.S. and Britain on post-war goals.
Lesson 2: Japan’s Pacific Campaign
43. Isoroku Yamamoto – Japanese admiral who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor.
44. Pearl Harbor – Surprise Japanese attack on a U.S. naval base that led to America entering WWII.
45. Bataan Death March – Brutal forced march of American and Filipino prisoners by Japanese soldiers.
46. Battle of Midway – A major naval battle where the U.S. defeated Japan and turned the tide in the Pacific.
47. Douglas MacArthur – U.S. general who led forces in the Pacific and helped rebuild Japan after the war.
48. Battle of Guadalcanal – The first major land victory for Allied forces in the Pacific.
49. Battle of the Coral Sea – A naval battle that stopped Japan’s advance toward Australia.
50. “Island hopping” – U.S. strategy of capturing key islands to get closer to Japan.
Lesson 3: The Holocaust
51. Kristallnacht – A night of violent attacks on Jews, their businesses, and synagogues in Nazi Germany.
52. Final Solution – Nazi plan to murder all Jews in Europe.
53. Genocide – The systematic killing of an entire group of people.
54. Death Camps – Nazi camps where millions of people, especially Jews, were murdered.
55. Auschwitz – The largest Nazi death camp where over a million people were killed.
Lesson 4: The Allied Victory
56. Dwight D. Eisenhower – U.S. general who led Allied forces in Europe.
57. Operation Torch – Allied invasion of North Africa to fight Axis forces.
58. D-Day – June 6, 1944, Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France.
59. Battle of the Bulge – Germany’s last major offensive, which failed.
60. V-E Day – May 8, 1945, the day Germany surrendered and the war in Europe ended.
61. Kamikazes – Japanese suicide pilots who crashed planes into enemy ships.
62. Battle of Iwo Jima – Fierce battle where the U.S. captured a key island near Japan.
63. Hiroshima & Nagasaki – Japanese cities destroyed by U.S. atomic bombs, ending the war in the Pacific.
64. U.S.S. Missouri – The ship where Japan officially surrendered on September 2, 1945.
Lesson 5: Europe and Japan in Ruins
65. Nuremberg Trials – Trials after WWII where Nazi leaders were punished for war crimes and the Holocaust.