Regression | Retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated | Wants to go to his grandma’s house to play cards and eat her chocolate chip cookies |
Reaction formation | Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites | Makes a big show of expressing indifference about being on “the stupid soccer team” |
Projection | Disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others | Talks a lot about how mad his parent is at the coach |
Rationalization | Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions | Explains that he wasn’t working very hard in the tryouts and could have made the team if he really wanted to |
Displacement | Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person | Yells at his little brother for no real reason |
Sublimation* | Transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives | Decides instead to join the cross-country running team, where all are accepted |
Denial | Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities | Insists that there was an error on the team list and he’s going to set things right with the coach |