Types of Chemical Bonds • Single Bond: Shares one pair of electrons. • Double Bond: Shares two pairs of electrons. • Triple Bond: Shares three pairs of electrons. • Ionic Bond: Formed between metal and nonmetal.Types of Chemical Bonds • Single Bond: Shares one pair of electrons. • Double Bond: Shares two pairs of electrons. • Triple Bond: Shares three pairs of electrons. • Ionic Bond: Formed between metal and nonmetal.

Polar vs Nonpolar Bonds

• Polar Covalent Bond: Unequal sharing of

electrons due to electronegativity differences.

• Nonpolar Covalent Bond: Equal sharing of electrons.

Why Water is Polar

• The bond between hydrogen and oxygen is

polar because:

• - Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than

hydrogen.

• - Creates partial negative charge on oxygen

and partial positive charges on hydrogen.

Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams

• Representation of valence electrons to predict

bonding behavior.

• Helps visualize covalent bonding and electron

sharing.

The Octet Rule

• Atoms tend to form bonds to achieve a stable

electron configuration with 8 electrons in the

valence shell.

Ionic Compounds Properties

• High melting points

• Conduct electricity in solution

• Typically form between metals and nonmetals

Electronegativity and Polarity

• A large difference in electronegativity results

in a polar bond (e.g., HCl).

• A small difference results in a nonpolar bond.