Which of the following is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

1. RCO

2. ROH

3. RCOOH

4. RCHO

Which of the following is NOT an example of a carboxylic acid?

1. Formic acid

2. Butyric acid

3. Nitric acid

4. Benzoic acid

What is one of the general methods for preparing carboxylic acids?

1. Reduction of aldehydes

2. Oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes

3. Hydrolysis of esters

4. Dehydration of alcohols

Which oxidizing agent is commonly used for the oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes to carboxylic acids?

1. KCl

2. KMnO₄

3. H₂SO₄

4. NaOH

What happens when carboxylic acids react with strong bases like NaOH or KOH?

1. Formation of esters

2. Liberation of CO₂

3. Production of water-soluble salts

4. Hydrolysis

Which compound is liberated as a by-product when carboxylic acids react with a weak base like NaHCO₃?

1. CO₂

2. H₂

3. H₂O

4. HCl

What is added to speed up the esterification reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols?

1. NaCl

2. H2O

3. H₂SO₄

4. NH₃

What is the product of the esterification reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols?

1. Water

2. Salt

3. Ester

4. Alkane

What is the side product of saponification?

1. Soap

2. Salt

3. Glycerol

4. Alcohol

What is formed during saponification?

1. Salt of fatty acid and glycerol

2. Salt of fatty acid and water

3. Salt of fatty acid and alcohol

4. Salt of fatty acid and soap

What are carboxylic acids derived from the hydrolysis of triglycerides and waxes called?

1. Ketones

2. Aldehydes

3. Fatty acids

4. Esters

Which of the following is NOT an example of a fatty acid?

1. Lauric acid

2. Stearic acid

3. Acetic acid

4. Myristic acid

What type of reaction is used to test for acid derivatives?

1. Substitution

2. Hydrogenation

3. Hydrolysis

4. Condensation

What are the products of the hydrolysis of acetic anhydride?

1. Acetic acid

2. Acetic acid and water

3. Acetic acid and ammonia

4. Acetic acid and acetamide

What is the side product of the hydrolysis of acetamide?

1. Acetic acid

2. Water

3. Ammonia

4. Acetamide

What is the purpose of the reaction with water and indicators in Procedure A?

1. To test solubility

2. To determine pH

3. To assess color change

4. To observe effervescence

In Procedure A, what is noted after warming the mixture of acetic acid and water?

1. Change in color

2. Change in solubility

3. Formation of a precipitate

4. Evolution of gas

What indicator(s) are used to test the solution in Procedure A?

1. Blue litmus paper and red litmus paper

2. Methyl orange indicator and bromothymol blue indicator

3. Blue litmus paper and methyl orange indicator

4. Phenolphthalein indicator and bromothymol blue indicator

In Procedure A, what is the purpose of adding sodium hydroxide to acetic acid?

1. To test for solubility

2. To neutralize the acid

3. To form a precipitate

4. To test for effervescence

What is noted when sodium carbonate is added to acetic acid in Procedure A?

1. Formation of a precipitate

2. Evolution of gas

3. Change in color

4. Increase in solubility

What is the purpose of concentrated H₂SO₄ in esterification in Procedure A?

1. Catalyst

2. Solvent

3. Oxidizing agent

4. Reducing agent

What is used as an alcohol in the esterification reaction in Procedure A?

1. Ethanol

2. Methanol

3. n-propyl alcohol

4. Isopropanol

In Procedure A, what is the purpose of adding neutral ferric chloride solution?

1. To test for acidity

2. To test for carboxylic acids

3. To test for esters

4. To test for alcohols

What is the special test for tartaric and citric acid in Procedure A?

1. Titration with NaOH

2. Color change with litmus paper

3. Formation of a permanent purple color with KMnO₄

4. Esterification reaction with alcohol

What is the purpose of repeating the test using tartaric acid instead of acetic acid in Procedure A?

1. To assess solubility

2. To compare results

3. To neutralize the solution

4. To observe effervescence

What is the purpose of adding NaOH to tartaric acid in Procedure B?

1. To test solubility

2. To neutralize the acid

3. To form a precipitate

4. To assess color change

What color is obtained after adding KMnO₄ to tartaric acid in Procedure B?

1. Blue

2. Red

3. Yellow

4. Permanent purple

What test is conducted in Procedure C to detect esters?

1. Preliminary test

2. Final test

3. Titration

4. Hydrolysis

What color indicates a positive result in the final test for esters in Procedure C?

1. Yellow

2. Blue

3. Magenta or burgundy

4. Green

What is observed when distilled water is added to acetic anhydride in Procedure D?

1. Formation of a precipitate

2. Evolution of gas

3. Change in color

4. Evolution of heat

What is the purpose of adding NaOH to acetamide in Procedure D?

1. To neutralize the acid

2. To test for effervescence

3. To form a precipitate

4. To hydrolyze the compound

What is the first step in Procedure E?

1. Mixing with ethyl alcohol

2. Heating over a water bath

3. Filtering using cheesecloth

4. Adding NaOH

What is the final step in Procedure E?

1. Testing the cleansing property

2. Adding scent and color

3. Filtering using cheesecloth

4. Heating over a water bath

In Procedure B, what is used to make tartaric acid alkaline?

1. 5% NaOH

2. 0.1% KMnO₄

3. 1N HCl

4. 5% FeCl₃

What is observed in the preliminary test for esters in Procedure C?

1. Evolution of gas

2. Change in color

3. Formation of a precipitate

4. Color produced with FeCl3

What is the purpose of adding 6N NaOH in the final test for esters in Procedure C?

1. To neutralize the acid

2. To test for effervescence

3. To hydrolyze the ester

4. To make the solution alkaline

What is observed when acetamide is heated with NaOH in Procedure D?

1. Evolution of gas

2. Formation of a precipitate

3. Change in color

4. Effervescence

In Procedure E, what is added after heating over a water bath?

1. 6N NaOH

2. Ethyl alcohol

3. Scent and color

4. Cold saturated NaCl solution

What is the purpose of heating the soap mixture in Procedure E again?

1. To test solubility

2. To form a solid product

3. To remove excess water

4. To evaporate alcohol

What is the final test conducted in Procedure E?

1. Titration

2. Hydrolysis

3. Testing the cleansing property

4. Boiling with HCl