CMPF123 - Chapter 1

Chapter I: Internet & World Wide Web

Learning Outcomes

• Understand what the Internet and World Wide Web are

• Learn what a URL is

• Explore tools and programming languages used in web development

Topics

• Introduction to the Internet

• The World Wide Web

• Web Browsers

• Web Servers

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

• Tools and Web Programming Languages

Introduction to the Internet

• What is the Internet?

  • A huge network that connects computers all around the world.

  • Uses special rules (protocols) to talk between devices.

  • Uses a system called TCP/IP for connecting devices.

• IP Address

  • A unique number for each device on the network.

  • Looks like this: 191.57.126.0 (this is IPv4).

• IPV6

  • A newer version that uses longer addresses (128 bits).

  • Looks like this: 3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf.

The World Wide Web (WWW)

• Overview

  • Created in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee so people could access scientific information.

  • It connects documents on the Internet with links.

• Key Terms

  • Hypertext: Text that you can click to get to other documents.

  • Hypermedia: It includes text, images, videos, and more that allows browsing in different ways.

Web Browser

• What is it?

  • A program that lets you find and view web pages.

  • Changes code (like HTML) into something you can read.

• Examples: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer.

Web Server

• What is it?

  • A special computer that gives web content when asked.

  • Uses protocols like HTTP to serve content.

• Examples of Server Software: Apache, Microsoft IIS.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

• What is it?

  • The web address you use to find something online.

  • Example: http://www.mydomain.net/path/to/page

  • Parts: Method (like http), Name of the website, Path to the content.

Common Internet Protocols**

• http: Most important protocol for the web.

• Other protocols include file transfers (ftp) and emails (mailto).

Client-Side Scripting Languages**

• Languages that help create websites: HTML, JavaScript, and Python.

Interesting Web Development Facts**

• Websites can look different on phones and computers.

• People usually just scan websites instead of reading.

• A lot of web usage happens on mobile devices.

• Websites often don’t last long – just about 3 years.

• How a website is built can help it show up on search engines.

• Some site templates can limit what you can do with the site.