Phonetics & Phonology Study Set

Phonetic Approach

• Focuses on single sounds and correcting defective sound production.

• Emphasizes motoric manipulation or articulator placement.

• Used when a child cannot produce a sound at all.

Phonemic Approach

• Focuses on phonological rules and teaching sound contrasts.

• Used when a child can make the sound but uses it incorrectly.

Contrastive Therapy

• Teaching phonemic contrasts (e.g., "tea" vs. "key") to show meaning differences.

Segmentation

• Speech is a continuous flow of overlapping sounds, making it hard to distinguish word boundaries.

How do infants learn segmentation?

• Motherese (infant-directed speech)

• High pitch

• Slowing down

How does slowing down help in learning another language?

• It makes segmentation easier by creating clearer word boundaries.

Perceptual Constancy

• The same sound can be produced differently depending on the speaker.

Factors affecting perceptual constancy

• Age, sex, vocal characteristics.

• Coarticulation, speech rate, prosody, and allophonic variation.

How do infants learn phonemes despite variations?

• They generalize across different pronunciations to recognize phonemes.

Limitation in Phonological Development

Ordering in Phonological Development

Suppression in Phonological Development