29: Food Web Ecology and Trophic Control

Food webs

Trophic controls

Energy flow

• Ecological efficiency: the percentage of net production from one trophic level, compared to the next lower trophic level

Bottom up control

• Trophic levels limited by resources

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Top down control

• Trophic levels controlled by predators

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Trophic cascade

• A direct interaction affects all trophic levels

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