What Are Dysrythmias

Dysrhythmias Outline

I. Introduction to Dysrhythmias

• Definition: Abnormal heart rhythms affecting the heart's electrical conduction system.

• Importance: Can lead to serious health issues, including stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac arrest.

II. Types of Dysrhythmias

• A. Atrial Dysrhythmias

  • Atrial fibrillation

  • Atrial flutter

  • Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

• B. Ventricular Dysrhythmias

  • Ventricular tachycardia (VT)

  • Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

  • Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

• C. Bradyarrhythmias

  • Sinus bradycardia

  • Heart block (1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree)

• D. Tachyarrhythmias

  • Sinus tachycardia

  • Junctional rhythms

III. Causes of Dysrhythmias

• A. Structural Heart Changes

  • Cardiomyopathy

  • Heart valve disease

• B. Ischemic Heart Disease

  • Myocardial infarction

  • Coronary artery disease

• C. Electrolyte Imbalances

  • Potassium, magnesium, calcium levels

• D. Medications and Substances

  • Stimulants (caffeine, nicotine)

  • Antiarrhythmic drugs

• E. Other Factors

  • Stress

  • Fever

  • Hypoxia

IV. Symptoms of Dysrhythmias

• Palpitations

• Dizziness or lightheadedness

• Shortness of breath

• Chest pain

• Fatigue

V. Diagnosis of Dysrhythmias

• A. Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

  • Standard method for identifying dysrhythmias

• B. Holter Monitor

  • Continuous ECG monitoring over 24-48 hours

• C. Event Monitor

  • Used for intermittent symptoms

• D. Electrophysiological Studies

  • Invasive tests to assess electrical activity

VI. Treatment Options

• A. Lifestyle Modifications

  • Diet, exercise, stress management

• B. Medications

  • Antiarrhythmics

  • Beta-blockers