GCSE Chemistry Paper 1 Topics

Compound: A substance that has two or more different elements which are chemically combined

Mixture: A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded

What is the name given to Group 1 elements: Alkali Metals

What name is given to the number of protons in an atom: Atomic number

Proton: +1

Neutron: 0

Electron: -1

What particles carry electrical charge through graphite: Delocalised electrons

Where are fullerenes used: In electronic components

Independent variable: When a person changes something in an experiment

Dependent variable: When we wait for something to change or happen

Control variable: Something that is kept the same during an experiment

Insoluble: A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent (like water) to form a solution

Soluble: A substance that can dissolve in a solvent (usually liquid) to form a solution.

Freezing: Liquid to Solid

Melting: Solid to Liquid

Condensation: Gas to liquid

Evaporation/Boiling: Liquid to Gas

Sublimation: Solid to Gas

Deposition: Gas to solid

Endothermic reaction: Energy that is transferred from the surroundings

Exothermic reaction: Energy is transferred to the surroundings

Ionic bonding: The transfer of electrons when a metal atom transfers one or more electron to a non-metal.

Covalent bonding: A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms

Metallic bonding: The strong electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons.

Oxidation: Gain of oxygen

Reduction: Loss of oxygen

Oxidation(Electrons): Loss of electrons

Reduction(Electrons): Gain of electrons

pH 1-6: Acid

pH 8-14: Alkaline

Electrolysis: Using electricity to break down electrolytes to form elements

Weak Acid: Only partially ionised in aqueous solution

Strong Acid: Fully ionised in aqueous solution

Electrolyte: A liquid/solution that can conduct electricity

Cathode: Negative electrode where reduction occurs

Anode: Positive electrode where oxidation occurs