USH unit 9 vocab

John F. Kennedy – 35th U.S. president, led during the Cold War, assassinated in 1963.

John Glenn – First American to orbit Earth in 1962.

Lyndon B. Johnson – 36th U.S. president, passed Civil Rights Act and Great Society programs.

Great Society – LBJ’s programs to fight poverty and racial injustice.

Anti-War Movement – Protests against the Vietnam War.

Feminist Movement – Pushed for women's rights and equality.

Betty Friedan – Wrote The Feminine Mystique, helped start the women’s rights movement.

Title IX – Banned sex discrimination in education.

Black Power Movement – Called for racial pride and self-defense.

Black Panthers – Militant group for Black rights, provided community services.

Chicano Movement – Fought for Mexican American rights.

César Chávez – Led farmworker strikes for better wages and conditions.

Dolores Huerta – Co-founded United Farm Workers, fought for labor rights.

American Indian Movement (AIM) – Fought for Native American rights.

Hernandez v. Texas – Ended racial discrimination in juries.

Tinker v. Des Moines – Protected students' free speech in schools.

Vietnam War – Cold War conflict in Vietnam; U.S. withdrew in 1973.

Domino Theory – Belief that if one country fell to communism, others would follow.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – Gave LBJ power to escalate the Vietnam War.

Vietnamization – Nixon’s plan to withdraw U.S. troops and train South Vietnamese forces.

Roy Benavidez – Vietnam War hero, Medal of Honor recipient.

Tet Offensive – Major North Vietnamese attack that weakened U.S. support for war.

Credibility Gap – Public distrust of government statements about Vietnam.

Silent Majority – Nixon’s term for Americans who supported the war but stayed quiet.

Fall of Saigon – 1975 event marking the end of the Vietnam War.

Civil Disobedience – Peacefully breaking laws to protest injustice.

Affirmative Action – Policies to increase minority representation in jobs and schools.

Martin Luther King Jr. – Civil rights leader, led nonviolent protests, assassinated in 1968.

Malcolm X – Civil rights leader, promoted Black empowerment, assassinated in 1965.

Letter from a Birmingham Jail – MLK’s defense of nonviolent protest.

Jim Crow Laws – Segregation laws in the South.

24th Amendment – Banned poll taxes in voting.

26th Amendment – Lowered voting age to 18.

Emmett Till – Black teen lynched in 1955; his death sparked the Civil Rights Movement.

Dennis Banks – Co-founded AIM, fought for Native American rights.

Thurgood Marshall – First Black Supreme Court Justice, won Brown v. Board of Education.

Brown v. Board of Education – Ended school segregation.

Plessy v. Ferguson – Allowed segregation under “separate but equal.”

Civil Rights Act of 1964 – Banned segregation in jobs, schools, and public places.

Civil Rights Act of 1965 – Ended barriers like literacy tests for Black voters.