Arts of Africa

• Rock-cut - buildings cut out of stones (Biete Ghiogis)

• Adobe - mud / clay bricks

• Scarification - intentional scars that form designs 

• Benin Bronzes - Includes the Plaque Depicting a Palace Shrine along with many plaques, jewelry, ritual objects

Colossal Statue of King Aspelta (Jebel Barkal, Sudan)

1. Authority and Legacy: Demonstrates the king's power and his association with earlier rulers to legitimize his authority.

2. Cultural Identity: Highlights Nubian royal identity through distinctive headdress and ornamentation, distinguishing it from Egyptian influences.

3. Symbolic Immortality: The idealized and rigid form emphasizes timelessness and divine connection, linking the king to eternal rulership.

Biete Ghiorgis (Lalibela, Ethiopia)

1. Spiritual Devotion: Represents Ethiopia's early Christian heritage and the king's commitment to his faith.

2. Architectural Innovation: The rock-cut design reflects ingenuity and dedication to creating a sacred space that integrates with the environment.

3. Pilgrimage and Unity: Serves as a spiritual hub for worshippers, symbolizing a connection to Jerusalem and fostering community.

Great Mosque of Djenné (Mali)

1. Cultural Adaptation of Islam: Merges Islamic architectural principles with local materials and traditions, showcasing regional identity.

2. Sustainability and Community: The annual plastering festival underscores communal effort and the interdependence of the mosque and its people.

3. Symbol of Prosperity: Reflects the wealth and cultural prominence of the Ghana Empire during its peak.

Crowned Head of a Yoruba Ruler (Nigeria)

1. Naturalism and Idealism: Balances lifelike realism with an idealized portrayal of power and dignity.

2. Cultural Identity and Tradition: Features scarification and adornments, reflecting Yoruba cultural practices and royal authority.

3. Symbol of Continuity: Represents the continuity of Yoruba leadership and its enduring cultural significance.

Pendant of the Iyoba Idia (Benin, Nigeria)

1. Maternal Power and Influence: Highlights the extraordinary role of Queen Mother Idia in supporting her son's reign and trade success.

2. Cultural and Artistic Syncretism: Combines African artistic motifs with European trade influences (e.g., Portuguese figures).

Divine and Temporal Authority: The mudfish symbolism represents duality and reinforces the Oba's spiritual and political power.