APWKBAT #2

Flashcard #35
Term: Bataan Death March
Definition: Japanese soldiers forced American and Filipino prisoners of war to march on the

rewrite it, there should be more

Flashcard #1
Term: Fascism
Definition: A political philosophy characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarian leadership, and militaristic means to achieve its goals, often suppressing opposition and individual rights.

Flashcard #2
Term: Benito Mussolini
Definition: The leader of the National Fascist Party in Italy, ruling as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. He employed corporatism and propaganda to maintain power.

Flashcard #3
Term: Fascist March on Rome 1922
Definition: A march in October 1922 by which Mussolini's National Fascist Party came to power in the Kingdom of Italy.

Flashcard #4
Term: NSDAP (Nazi Party 1921)
Definition: The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, rose to prominence in Germany after the fall of the Weimar Republic. It advocated for German racial purity and expansionist policies.

Flashcard #5
Term: Adolf Hitler
Definition: The dictatorial leader of Nazi Germany, responsible for initiating World War II and the Holocaust.

Flashcard #6
Term: Lebensraum
Definition: Living space; Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire territory in Eastern Europe for the German people

Flashcard #7
Term: Beer Hall Putsch 1923
Definition: A failed coup attempt in 1923 by Hitler to seize power in Munich. It led to his imprisonment, during which he wrote 'Mein Kampf'.

Flashcard #8
Term: Mein Kampf
Definition: An autobiographical manifesto by Adolf Hitler, published in 1925, outlining his political ideology and future plans for Germany.

Flashcard #9
Term: Appeasement
Definition: A diplomatic policy of making concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid war, as practiced by Britain and France towards Nazi Germany.

Flashcard #10
Term: Munich Conference
Definition: A conference in 1938 where Britain and France allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, populated by 3 million German speakers, in an attempt to appease him.

Flashcard #11
Term: Axis Powers
Definition: The alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II, characterized by fascist or militaristic regimes.

Flashcard #12
Term: Allied Powers
Definition: The alliance of Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the US during World War II, formed to oppose the Axis Powers.

Flashcard #13
Term: Non-Aggression Pact
Definition: A pact signed between the Soviet Union and Germany in 1939, in which the parties agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years

Flashcard #14
Term: Operation Barbarossa
Definition: The code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, marking a turning point in World War II.

Flashcard #15
Term: Scorched Earth Policy
Definition: A military strategy used by the Soviet Union against the German invasion, involving the destruction of anything that could be useful to the enemy.

Flashcard #16
Term: Battle of Stalingrad
Definition: A major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, where the Soviet Union defeated Nazi Germany, marking a crucial turning point in the war.

Flashcard #17
Term: Pearl Harbor 1941
Definition: A surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, just before 08:00 on Sunday, December 7, 1941. The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II.

Flashcard #18
Term: Blitzkrieg
Definition: A military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile armor and firepower.

Flashcard #19
Term: The Blitz (Battle of Britain)
Definition: A sustained aerial bombing campaign by the German Luftwaffe against Britain in 1940, which the British ultimately won.

Flashcard #20
Term: Fire bombing
Definition: A bombing technique designed to damage urban areas by starting fires. This often resulted in significant civilian casualties.

Flashcard #21
Term: Atomic Bomb
Definition: A highly destructive bomb that uses nuclear fission to create an explosion, capable of destroying an entire city.

Flashcard #22
Term: Manhattan Project
Definition: A research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.

Flashcard #23
Term: Bombing on Hiroshima
Definition: The US dropped an atomic bomb on this city in Japan during World War II, leading to many casualties and devastation.

Flashcard #24
Term: Bombing on Nagasaki
Definition: The US dropped an atomic bomb on this city in Japan during World War II, resulting in widespread destruction and casualties.

Flashcard #25
Term: D-day
Definition: The landing operations on June 6, 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II.

Flashcard #26
Term: Allied Air Assault
Definition: A sustained aerial bombing campaign by the Allies on strategic targets in Germany during World War II.

Flashcard #27
Term: V-E Day
Definition: The date marking the Allied victory in Europe on May 8, 1945, signifying the end of World War II in Europe.

Flashcard #28
Term: V-J Day
Definition: The date marking the Allied victory over Japan on August 15, 1945, effectively ending World War II.

Flashcard #29
Term: Armenian Genocide
Definition: The systematic killing of Armenians by the Ottoman government (Young Turks), who feared they would join enemy forces during World War I.

Flashcard #30
Term: Holocaust
Definition: The systematic extermination of Jewish people by the Nazi regime during World War II, driven by Hitler's aim to purify the German race.

Flashcard #31
Term: Final Solution
Definition: Nazi Germany's plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population during the Holocaust.

Flashcard #32
Term: Nuremberg Laws
Definition: Laws enacted by Nazi Germany that deprived Jews of their rights and forced them into ghettos and concentration camps like Auschwitz.

Flashcard #33
Term: Bombing of Dresden
Definition: A bombing on the city of Dresden, Germany by British and American forces, causing many casualties and devastation.

Flashcard #34
Term: Rape of Nanking
Definition: An episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing, then the capital of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Flashcard #35
Term: Bataan death march
Definition: A forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war in the Philippines, which was characterized by severe physical abuse and wanton killings.

Flashcard #1
Term: Cold War
Definition: a state of hostility that exists between two states chiefly characterized by an ideological struggle rather than open warfare

Flashcard #2
Term: Tehran Conference 1943
Definition: Soviet Union would focus on freeing Eastern Europe, while Britain and the United States would concentrate on Western Europe.

Flashcard #3
Term: Yalta Conference 1945
Definition: discuss what would happen after WWII

Flashcard #4
Term: Potsdam Conference 1945
Definition: Truman insisted on free elections in Eastern Europe but Stalin refused because Soviet troops had already occupied it.

Flashcard #5
Term: Formation of United Nations 1945
Definition: 48 nations create UN to protect members against aggression

Flashcard #6
Term: Iron Curtain Speech 1946
Definition: Winston Churchill’s speech about split between E. and W. blocs of Europe

Flashcard #7
Term: Berlin Blockade 1948
Definition: Soviets closed off all roads and rail access to W. occupation zones

Flashcard #8
Term: Berlin Airlift 1948
Definition: Truman sent 2 million tons of supplies to W. Berlin on cargo planes

Flashcard #9
Term: Marshall Plan
Definition: US sent over 13 billion in aid for economic recovery in war torn nations, helped these nations revive their economy

Flashcard #10
Term: Truman Doctrine
Definition: Truman offered assistance to nations resisting communist takeovers

Flashcard #11
Term: Containment
Definition: Containment

Flashcard #12
Term: Molotov Plan
Definition: Soviets rejected participation in Marshall Plan → created economic union of E. European nations

Flashcard #13
Term: COMECON
Definition: economic, military aid and intervention

Flashcard #14
Term: atomic bomb
Definition: Developed atomic bomb, the most advanced and devastating technology of the war

Flashcard #15
Term: Arms Race
Definition: both power spent tremendous amounts of money to develop bigger and more destructive bombs

Flashcard #16
Term: Domino Theory
Definition: the belief that if one country becomes communist, other states will follow

Flashcard #17
Term: Mujahideen
Definition: Afghan rebels

Flashcard #18
Term: NATO 1949
Definition: Truman signed an alliance that linked the US and W. Europe

Flashcard #19
Term: Warsaw Pact 1955
Definition: leaders of E. Europe sign military alliance to defend each other of an attack

Flashcard #20
Term: Non-Aligned Movement
Definition: countries who were determined to be independent agreed to not be under the sphere of influence of the superpowers

Flashcard #21
Term: self-determination
Definition: Believed in the right to self-determination

Flashcard #22
Term: Kwame Nkrumah
Definition: president of Ghana who pushed all of Africa to be decolonized

Flashcard #23
Term: Kuomintang
Definition: Reformed into Kuomintang (nationalist party)

Flashcard #24
Term: Great Leap Forward
Definition: collectivization of farms known as communes

Flashcard #25
Term: Tiananmen Square
Definition: demonstrators advocated for democracy and freedom of speech

Flashcard #26
Term: Mohandas Gandhi
Definition: created the Indian National Congress (mostly Hindu); believed in civil disobedience

Flashcard #27
Term: Homespun Movement
Definition: Led the Homespun Movement to boycott against British goods

Flashcard #28
Term: Salt March
Definition: broke the law and made their own salt

Flashcard #29
Term: Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Definition: creates the Muslim league

Flashcard #30
Term: Indian Partition of 1947
Definition: Pakistan made for Muslims, India for Hindus

Flashcard #31
Term: Kwame Nkrumah
Definition: first president of Ghana and leader of Pan African Movement

Flashcard #32
Term: Algerian War
Definition: many French settlers lived in Algeria → France opposed freedom of Algeria

Flashcard #33
Term: Apartheid
Definition: system of racial segregation

Flashcard #34
Term: Nelson Mandela
Definition: used non violence to protest Apartheid; founded the African National Congress

Flashcard #35
Term: Gamal Abder Nasser
Definition: wanted to nationalize the Suez Canal

Flashcard #36
Term: pan-Arabism
Definition: unity of Arab

Flashcard #1
Term: Radios
Definition: Facilitated international business

Flashcard #2
Term: Shipping containers
Definition: Large sized units that could be carried on a truck or train or stacked on ship

Flashcard #3
Term: Antibiotics
Definition: Useful agent in curing bacterial infections

Flashcard #4
Term: Birth control
Definition: Fertility rates declined in much of the world

Flashcard #5
Term: Vaccines
Definition: wide distribution to prevent deadly diseases until after 1900

Flashcard #6
Term: Green Revolution
Definition: possible long term response to hunger

Flashcard #7
Term: Malaria
Definition: parasitic disease spread by mosquitoes in tropical areas

Flashcard #8
Term: Tuberculosis
Definition: airborne infection that spreads through coughs and sneezes and affects the lungs

Flashcard #9
Term: Cholera
Definition: bacterial disease that spreads through contaminated water

Flashcard #10
Term: Polio
Definition: disease caused by water contaminated by a virus transmitted in fecal matter

Flashcard #11
Term: HIV/ AIDS
Definition: weakens the immune system; contracted through exchange of body fluids

Flashcard #12
Term: Antiretroviral drugs
Definition: could stop HIV from weakening immune system

Flashcard #13
Term: Ebola
Definition: deadly disease caused by virus that infects African fruit bat, humans, other primates

Flashcard #14
Term: Heart disease
Definition: long term disease that is associated with lifestyle, genetics, increased longevity

Flashcard #15
Term: Alzheimer’s disease
Definition: affected elderly and some middle aged people; patients progressively lost their memory

Flashcard #16
Term: Deforestation
Definition: loss of Earthś trees as a result of cutting them down

Flashcard #17
Term: Desertification
Definition: removal of natural vegetation through expansion

Flashcard #18
Term: Green Party
Definition: focused on environmental issues

Flashcard #19
Term: Global warming
Definition: increased average temperature of the world

Flashcard #20
Term: Economic liberalization
Definition: opening up of a country’s economy

Flashcard #21
Term: Knowledge economy
Definition: creates, distributes, uses knowledge and information

Flashcard #22
Term: NAFTA
Definition: encouraged US and Canadian industries to build factories (maquiladoras) in Mexico that used low wage Mexican labor to produce goods for foreign export

Flashcard #23
Term: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Definition: many countries signed international accord which lifted restrictive trade barriers

Flashcard #24
Term: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Definition: UN adopted foundational document that asserted basic rights and fundamental freedom for all

Flashcard #25
Term: UN
Definition: UN created UNICEF to provide food for children in Europe who were still suffering from end of WWII

Flashcard #26
Term: Liberation theology
Definition: combined socialism with Catholicism

Flashcard #27
Term: Civil Rights Act
Definition: outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, nationality

Flashcard #28
Term: Voting Rights Act
Definition: banned discrimination in voting