Skull, Vertebra, Back_Study Images (1)

Skeletal Structure Overview

Page 1: Anterior Skull Anatomy

• Bones Identified:

  • Parietal bone

  • Frontal bone (including squamous part and glabella)

  • Nasal bone

  • Maxilla

  • Mandible (including mental foramen and symphysis)

  • Temporal bone and zygomatic bone

• Key Foramina and Sutures:

  • Supraorbital foramen (notch)

  • Frontonasal suture

  • Infraorbital foramen

  • Superior orbital fissure

  • Optic canal

  • Inferior nasal concha

  • Vomer

• Additional Features:

  • Greater wing of sphenoid bone

  • Ethmoid bone elements (middle nasal concha, perpendicular plate)

Page 3: Posterior Skull Anatomy

• Bones Identified:

  • Occipital bone (notable features include external occipital protuberance)

  • Parietal bone

  • Temporal bone

• Key Sutures:

  • Sagittal suture

  • Lambdoid suture

  • Occipitomastoid suture

• Landmarks:

  • Inferior nuchal line

  • Superior nuchal line

  • External occipital crest

• Features of Condylar Processes

Page 5: Lateral Skull View

• Bones Identified:

  • Frontal bone

  • Sphenoid bone

  • Parietal bone

  • Zygomatic bone

  • Temporal bone (external acoustic meatus, mastoid process)

  • Mandible (notable features include mandibular notch and angle)

• Key Structures:

  • Coronal suture

  • Squamous suture

  • Alveolar processes

  • Styloid process

  • Zygomatic process

Page 7: Superior Skull View

• Cranial Fossae Identified:

  • Anterior cranial fossa (includes cribriform plate, frontal bone)

  • Middle cranial fossa (includes sphenoid and temporal bones)

  • Posterior cranial fossa (includes occipital bone)

• Foramina and Canals:

  • Optic canal, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen lacerum

  • Jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, foramen magnum

Page 9: Inferior Skull View

• Structures Identified:

  • Maxilla and Zygomatic bone

  • Palatine bone (horizontal plate, median palatine suture)

  • Occipital condyle

• Key Foramina:

  • Carotid canal, external acoustic meatus, styloid process

  • Sacral foramina

Pages 11-13: Vertebral Anatomy

• Cervical Vertebrae Characteristics:

  • Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2) unique features (transverse ligament, dens of axis)

  • Overview of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae characteristics

  • Key processes: transverse, spinous, inferior and superior articular processes

Page 15: Sacral and Coccyx Anatomy

• Sacral Features Identified:

  • Sacral promontory, sacral canal, lateral sacral crest

  • Coccyx anatomy and description

• Anatomical orientations:

  • Anterior and posterior views of sacrum highlighting features

Pages 17-23: Muscular Anatomy

• Facial Muscles:

  • Epicranius, orbicularis oculi, levator labii superioris, mentalis, etc.

• Masticatory Muscles:

  • Temporalis, masseter, buccinator

• Neck Muscles:

  • Sternocleidomastoid, platysma

• Hyoid and Pharyngeal Muscles:

  • Geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternohyoid

Pages 25-30: Upper Limb and Abdominal Muscles

• Shoulder and Back Muscles:

  • Trapezius, deltoid, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi

• Abdominal Musculature Overview:

  • Rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis, internal and external obliques

• Anatomical Relationships:

  • Tendinous intersections and linea alba noted in the abdominal section

Important Notes:

• All content is published under © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

• Anatomical knowledge is crucial for applications in both clinical settings and anatomy education.