G12-Physics

Page 1: Title Page

• Ministry of Education

• Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

• Physics Student Textbook - Grade 12

• ISBN: 978-99990-0-035-2

Page 2: Care for the Textbook

• This textbook belongs to the school; care is essential.

• Tips for preserving the textbook:

  1. Cover the book in protective materials (plastic, newspapers).

  2. Store in a dry place.

  3. Ensure hands are clean when using.

  4. Do not write on any pages.

  5. Use bookmarks instead of folding pages.

  6. Do not tear any pages or images.

  7. Repair torn pages with paste/tape.

  8. Pack carefully in the school bag.

  9. Handle carefully when passing to others.

  10. Open new books slowly to avoid damage.

Page 3: Contributors and Editors

• Contributors:

  • Abebe Getachew (Ph.D), Writer

  • Tizazu Abza (Ph.D), Writer

  • Hagos Tsegaye (Ph.D), Content Editor

  • Abreham Zelalem (Ph.D), Curriculum Editor

  • Daniel Taye (Ph.D), Language Editor

  • Getasew Admasu (Ph.D), Illustrator

  • Kasim Kedir (MSc) and Derese T. Nega, Book Designers

• Evaluators:

  • Girmaye Defar (MSc)

  • Dessie Melese (MSc)

  • Zafu Abraha (MSc)

Page 4: Publication Information

• First published August 2023 by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education.

• Supported by multiple international organizations (World Bank, UNICEF, etc.).

• Copyright Notice: All rights reserved; no reproduction without permission.

• Acknowledgments to contributor institutions (Hawassa University and others).

Page 5: Table of Contents

• Unit 1: Application of physics in other fields

• Sections Include:

  1. Physics and other sciences

  2. Physics and engineering

  3. Medical physics

  4. Physics and defense technology

  5. Physics in communication

  6. Two-dimensional motion (and further topics)

Page 6: Continued Contents

• Further topics listed include:

  • Fluid Mechanics

  • Electromagnetism

  • Basics of electronics

• Index at the end of the textbook.

Page 7: Unit 1 Overview

• Introduction: Overview of science and its interrelation among disciplines.

• Learning Objectives:

  • Understand and appreciate physics's societal contributions.

  • Recognize physics's relationship with other sciences and technology.

• Brainstorming Questions:

  1. List sciences including 'physics' in their titles.

  2. Explaining physics knowledge application in these fields.

Page 8: Physics and Other Sciences

• Physics as a Foundation of Modern Sciences:

  • Extensively influences chemistry, biology, geology, and astronomy.

• Learning Objectives for Section:

  • Explain the relationship of physics with chemistry, biology, geology, astronomy.

• Physics and Chemistry:

  • Overlaps in areas involving matter; principles explain atomic structures.

Page 9: Interdisciplinary Applications

• Relation of Physics and Chemistry:

  • Matter and energy interactions explain complex systems.

• Spectroscopy Importance:

  • Essential for understanding atomic and molecular structures.

Page 10: Physics and Biology

• Understanding Life through Physics:

  • Applications in metabolism, fluid dynamics, and mechanics.

• Newtonian Mechanics:

  • Describes movements and stability in animal locomotion.

• Discussion Questions:

  • Compare stability on one foot vs two; analyze human body mechanics.

Page 11: Electric and Optical Physics in Biology

• Electricity and Biology:

  • Neurons transmit signals, showing reliance on electrical phenomena.

• Optical Physics:

  • Importance for photosynthesis and vision.

• Discussion Questions:

  • Discuss light utilization in vision.

Page 12: Physics and Astronomy

• Astrophysics and Motion:

  • Newton’s laws describe celestial mechanics (e.g., orbits).

• Use of Electromagnetic Waves:

  • Critical for analyzing celestial phenomena using telescopes.

Page 13: Methods of Astronomy

• Techniques for Distant Measurement:

  • Brightness measures distance and luminosity understanding; inverse square law.

Page 14: Physics and Geology

• Earth Science Overview:

  • Involves understanding Earth’s processes, combined with various physics concepts.

• Geology Applications:

  • Use of physics to study rock properties and geological formations.

Page 15: Physics in Engineering

• Importance of Physics in Engineering:

  • Provides foundational knowledge for various engineering disciplines (civil, mechanical, electrical).

• Civil Engineering History:

  • Development from ancient practices improved by physics.

Page 16: Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

• Mechanical Engineering Applications:

  • Involves physics principles for creating efficient mechanical systems.

• Electrical Engineering Requirements:

  • Understanding electromagnetism and circuits is crucial.

Page 17: Chemical Engineering

• Practical Applications of Chemical Engineering:

  • Governed by laws of physical chemistry and molecular dynamics for efficiency in processes.

Page 18: Technology and Physics

• Interconnection of Technology and Physics:

  • Discuss the influence of technology on physics and vice versa.

Page 19: Medical Physics

• Introduction to Medical Physics:

  • Focuses on physics applications in medical diagnosis and treatment.

• Medical Imaging Technologies:

  • Overview of various imaging methodologies including MRI and CT scans.

Page 20: Medical Imaging Techniques

• MRI Process:

  • Utilizes proton behavior under magnetic fields for imaging.

• CT Scanning Process:

  • Detailed imaging through X-ray absorption and digital processing.2t