1. Describe systems vs surroundings. Give an example.

A system is a collection of objects that can be identified a surrounding is everything else that isn't identified 

2. What is the difference between open, closed, and isolated systems?

A closed system is a system that can exchange energy and opened system can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings and an isolated system cannot exchange matter or energy.

3. Describe an example of a closed system that we observed during class in this unit.

An example of a closed system is when we did the lab where we burned the cheeto and it heated up the water.

4. What is the first law of thermodynamics?

In any closed system, a change in energy must be caused by work or heat being gained or lost.  

5. Temperature-

The measure of average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object 

6. When two objects touch, in which direction does energy move?

From the object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature

7. If you are holding a piece of ice, does energy flow into or out of your hand?

Energy moves from your hand into the ice because your hand is warmer than the ice

8. Heat-

The energy that is transferred between objects at different temperatures is called heat. 

9. Heat always moves from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature. If two objects are at the same temperature, no heat will move between them. Heat moves between two objects until thermal equilibrium. At that point, the particles in both objects have the same amount of thermal energy.

10. Thermal conduction- The transfer of energy through collision of particles

11. Describe how energy transfers through convection.

The fluid (liquid or gas) moves from one location to another, transferring heat along with it. Through a convection current. 

12. Radiation- Energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves.

13. What causes a change of state of matter?

A transfer of energy

14. Describe the energy changes during melting and evaporation.

Melting- The substance changes from a solid to a liquid because they particles break away from their ridgid positions 

Evaporation- Change of a substance from liquid to gas because of temperature and pressure 

15. Describe the energy changes during condensing and freezing.

Condensation- change in state from a gas to a liquid, happens when gas touches a cold surface  

Freezing- change from liquid to solid, when it freezes energy is released 

1. How is energy/heat transferred between two objects that are in contact?

Energy/heat flows from the object with the higher levels to the object with lower levels 

2. Describe what happens on the PARTICLE LEVEL.

They are all in a constant motion 

3. In what direction does heat transfer occur?

Higher temp to lower temp 

4. When does heat transfer stop? Describe the initial vs final temperatures of the two objects.

Heat transfer stops when the objects reach thermal equilibrium (same temperature). The object with the higher initial temperature will decrease to reach equilibrium while the other will have to increase.