Ch 15: Evolution

Chapter 15: Evolution

Review Questions

1. Explain the contribution that each of the following made to Darwin’s theory of evolution: James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Thomas Malthus, Jean Baptiste Lamarck.

2. Who was Charles Darwin?

3. What were the three observations Darwin made while on board the Beagle. Describe each and give at least one example.

4. What is artificial selection? How did it contribute to Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

5. Define natural selection.

6. List the four principles of natural selection.

7. Explain how evolution and natural selection are different.

8. Describe the importance of the fossil record as evidence of evolution.

9. What are transitional fossils? Give an example.

10. List and describe the two types of traits examined when studying transitional fossils.

11. Define each of the following, and give an example for each: homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures.

12. How does embryonic development provide evidence of evolution?

13. Explain how the DNA sequences of organisms can indicate an evolutionary relationship.

14. What is biodiversity?

15. Define adaptation.

16. What is fitness? How is it usually measured?

17. Describe each of the following types of adaptations: camouflage, mimicry, antimicrobial resistance.

18. What is genetic drift? How does genetic drift affect large and small populations differently?

19. Define the following: Founder effect, bottleneck.

20. Explain gene flow.

21. List and describe the three types of natural selection.

22. Explain the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation