Vocab quiz 2

Vocab List

• caprice: 변덕

• circumspection: 신중함과 조심스러움, 상황을 잘 고려하는 태도.

• amiability: the quality of having a friendly and pleasant manner; geniality

• haughtiness: 거만함이나 오만한 태도. (Arrogant pride; thinking you're better than others.)

• ductility: 금속이 늘어나거나 형태가 변할 수 있는 성질, 유연성

• superciliousness: 거만하고 오만한 태도. (Arrogance specifically shown through facial expressions or gestures, like raising an eyebrow or sneering.)

• propriety: 사회적 규범에 따른 적절한 행동이나 태도. (the state or quality of conforming to conventionally accepted standards of behavior or morals.)= 모나지 않게 사회 규범에 맞춰서 행동하는 것

• complacency: 자신의 성취나 상황에 대해 과도하게 만족하거나 안주하는 태도. (a feeling of smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements.)

• contempt: 무시나 경멸의 감정, 타인을 경시하는 태도.(a strong feeling of disliking someone/something) = 누군가를 굉장히 싫어하는 것

• impertinence: 무례한 행동이나 태도로, 다른 사람에게 적절하지 않거나 불손한 태도를 보이는 것을 의미한다. (ususally in a formal setting)

• decorum (adj. decorous):적절함, 예의 바름 또는 행동이나 언어에서의 품위를 유지하는 태도. (사회적으로)

• civility (adj. civil): 정중함 (showing regard for others through politeness)

• humility (adj. humble): 자신의 중요성이나 능력을 낮추고, 다른 사람을 존중하는 태도.

• condescension (adj. condescending): 상대방을 낮추어 보는 태도 또는 말투로, 자아도취를 드러내는 행동. (attitude of patronizing superiority) = 자기가 더 잘난 것 처럼 구는 것

• affability (adj. affable): 친근하고 상냥하게 대하는 태도. (the quality of having a friendly and good-natured manner.) = easy to talk to

• obsequiousness: 다른 사람의 기대에 지나치게 부응하려는 태도로, 종종 아첨이나 비굴함을 포함하는 행동.

• conceit: 자기 자신을 지나치게 높게 평가하는 태도. (excessive pride in oneself.)

• insolence: 무례하고 건방진 태도. (rude and disrespectful behavior.)

• disdain: 경멸이나 경시의 감정으로, 대개 누군가 또는 무언가를 하찮게 여기는 태도.

• diffidence: 자신감 부족으로 인해 주저하거나 소극적인 태도.

Amiability vs Affability

Amiability

• Definition: the quality of having a friendly and pleasant manner; geniality = 사랑스러움

• Focus: Kindness, warmth of personality — even if they don’t talk much.

• Example 1: Despite the long hours and demanding work, her amiability shone through as she greeted each customer with a warm smile and helpful attitude.

• Example 2: The professor's amiability created a welcoming classroom environment, making students feel comfortable asking questions and participating in discussions.

• Example 3: His natural amiability made him the perfect candidate for the customer service role, as he effortlessly connected with people and resolved their issues with kindness.

Affability

• Definition: 친근하고 상냥하게 대하는 태도. (the quality of having a friendly and good-natured manner.) = easy to talk to

• Focus: Conversation, social ease, warmth in interactions.

• Example 1: The manager's affability made him approachable to all employees, fostering a positive and collaborative work environment.

• Example 2: Her affability allowed her to easily strike up conversations with strangers and make them feel at ease.

• Example 3: The affability of the host ensured that all the guests felt welcome and comfortable at the party.

Haughtiness vs Superciliousness vs Condenscension vs Conceit vs Complacency

Haughtiness

• Definition: Arrogant pride; thinking you're better than others.

• Focus: Attitude of superiority in general.

• Tone: Cold, proud, often visible in behavior (e.g., posture, speech).

• Example 1: Her haughtiness was evident in the way she dismissed the opinions of those she considered less intelligent.

• Example 2: The CEO's haughtiness created a tense atmosphere in the boardroom, as he refused to listen to anyone else's ideas.

• Example 3: His haughtiness led him to believe that rules did not apply to him, resulting in several ethical violations.

Superciliousness

• Definition: Arrogance specifically shown through facial expressions or gestures, like raising an eyebrow or sneering.

• Focus: Comes from "supercilium" (Latin for eyebrow) — think "looking down on people."

• Tone: More outwardly scornful, often mocking or sneering.

• Example 1: Her superciliousness was apparent in the way she raised an eyebrow at anyone who didn't share her refined tastes.

• Example 2: The manager's superciliousness created a divide between him and his team, as he constantly looked down on their suggestions.

• Example 3: His superciliousness was on full display as he sneered at the outdated fashion choices of the other guests.

Condenscension

• Definition: 상대방을 낮추어 보는 태도 또는 말투로, 자아도취를 드러내는 행동. (attitude of patronizing superiority) = 자기가 더 잘난 것 처럼 구는 것

• Focus: Acting as if you are better or more intelligent than others; talking down to people.

• Manner: Often involves simplifying explanations or showing excessive patience in a way that implies the other person is less capable.

• Example 1: The professor's condescension was evident when he chuckled and said, "Let me explain it in simpler terms for you."

• Example 2: She spoke with a condescending tone, as if everyone else in the room was less intelligent than her.

• Example 3: His condescension towards his subordinates made them feel undervalued and demotivated.

Conceit

• Definition: 자기 자신을 지나치게 높게 평가하는 태도. (excessive pride in oneself.)

• Focus: An exaggerated opinion of one's own abilities or worth; arrogance.

• Manner: Characterized by boasting, self-importance, and a general sense of superiority.

• Example 1: His conceit led him to believe that he was indispensable to the company.

• Example 2: Her conceit made it difficult for her to accept criticism or advice from others.

• Example 3: The artist's conceit was evident in the grandiose claims he made about his own work.

Complacency

• Definition: 자신의 성취나 상황에 대해 과도하게 만족하거나 안주하는 태도. (a feeling of smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements.)

• Focus: 자신의 현재 상태에 만족하며 개선하려는 노력을 게을리하는 경향.

• Example 1: The athlete's complacency after winning the championship led him to neglect his training, resulting in a disappointing performance in the next competition.

• Example 2: The company's complacency with its outdated technology caused it to lose market share to more innovative competitors.

• Example 3: His complacency in his marriage led him to take his partner for granted, causing emotional distance between them.

Propriety vs Decorum vs Civility

Propriety

• Definition: Conforming to rules, etiquette, or moral standards. Do what is socially/morally correct.

• Focus: Behavior that fits the expectations of the setting (e.g., manners, dress, speech).

• Example1: The queen was a stickler for propriety - she always made sure everyone followed the correct etiquette.

• Example 2: The employee was fired when he violated the company’s policy of propriety.

• Example 3: In that era, dancing with a member of the opposite sex without a chaperone was considered a breach of propriety.

Decorum

• Definition: Showing respectful conduct and good taste, especially in ceremonial or social situations. Proper behavior in formal settings.

• Focus: Graceful self-presentation in formal or public spaces.

• Example 1: The diplomat's impeccable decorum at the state dinner impressed the foreign dignitaries.

• Example 2: The students were reminded to maintain decorum during the graduation ceremony.

• Example 3: Despite the chaotic circumstances, she maintained a sense of decorum and handled the situation with grace.

Civility

• Definition: Treating others with courtesy, even if you don’t like them. Basic politeness and respect.

• Focus: Interpersonal respect, not necessarily about formality.

• Example 1: Despite their political differences, the senators treated each other with civility during the debate.

• Example 2: Even though he was frustrated, he maintained his civility and politely asked for assistance.

• Example 3: Teaching children civility is essential for creating a harmonious society.

Contempt vs Disdain

Contempt

• Definition: A strong feeling that something or someone is worthless, beneath consideration, or despicable. Moral hatred or disgust

• Focus: More intense, harsher, and often carries moral judgment.

• Example 1: She felt nothing but contempt for the criminals who preyed on the innocent.

• Example 2: His contempt for authority was evident in his constant disregard for the rules.

• Example 3: The activist expressed her contempt for the corporation's unethical practices during the protest.

Disdain

• Definition: A dismissive or scornful attitude toward something considered unworthy or inferior. Dismissive superiority

• Focus: Slightly more refined or aloof—can feel less aggressive than contempt. Also it contains superiority of oneself

• Example 1: The socialite viewed the working class with disdain, believing they were beneath her.

• Example 2: He spoke with disdain about the new art exhibit, calling it amateurish and pointless.

• Example 3: Her disdain for gossip kept her from participating in the office drama.

Insolence vs Impertinence

Insolence

• Definition: 무례하고 건방진 태도. (rude and disrespectful behavior.) = just in general

• Focus: Disrespectful behavior that is arrogant and openly defiant. A key aspect is that this behavior violates established norms of respect and often challenges authority directly.

• Example 1: His insolence towards the teacher resulted in immediate disciplinary action.

• Example 2: The employee's insolence during the meeting shocked everyone present.

• Example 3: She displayed insolence by openly mocking her boss's decisions.

Impertinence

• Definition: 무례한 행동이나 태도로, 다른 사람에게 적절하지 않거나 불손한 태도를 보이는 것을 의미한다. (ususally in a formal setting)

• Focus: Lack of respect or politeness, especially towards someone in a position of authority. Impertinence often involves being inappropriately forward or bold.

• Example 1: Her impertinence in questioning the CEO's judgment was unexpected.

• Example 2: The student's impertinence in interrupting the lecture was frowned upon.

• Example 3: He showed impertinence by making personal comments during a formal presentation.